Psy 2710 Exam 3 - Ch. 9

Front 1

Substance Use

Back 1

Low to moderate use of a substance that does not impair functioning

Front 2

Substance Intoxication

Back 2

Acute effects of substance use

Front 3

Substance abuse

Back 3

Physical/relational impairment. Lots of distress over the impairment.

Front 4

Substance Use Disorder

Back 4

Problematic pattern of use leading to significant impairment/distress. Must have at least 2 symptoms over 1 year: *Greater use than intended, *Tried and failed to cut down, *Spends excessive time on it, *Cravings, *Work/interpersonal problems, *Physically harmful situations, *Tolerance, *Withdrawal

Front 5

Caffeine

Back 5

Legal drug; A central nervous system(CNS) stimulant that boosts energy, mood, awareness, concentration, and wakefulness. Can have withdrawal, but not considered a use disorder.

Front 6

Nicotene

Back 6

Legal drug; A highly additive component of tobacco that is considered to be both a stimulant and a sedative. Increases epinephrine (rush) and dopamine (pleasure).

Front 7

Alcohol

Back 7

Legal drug; Called a depressant b/c it depresses the CNS. It is absorbed by the stomach into the blood stream. Impacts GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. There are both physiological and psychological effects of alcohol.

Front 8

Functional Impairment of Alcohol

Back 8

Withdrawal symptoms include: anxiety, irritability, tremors, headache, vomiting, sweating, seizures, hallucinations, and delirium tremens. Can cause alcohol cirrhosis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Front 9

Marijuana

Back 9

Illegal drug; Active ingredient is tetrahydrocannibal (THC). Can be used in food, drink, or can be smoked. The "high" is characterized by relaxation, intensified senses, and slowed perception of time. Activates the cannibinoid receptors (for pleasure) and increases dopamine.

Front 10

Functional Impairment of Marijuana

Back 10

Persistent memory loss, impairment in attention, learning skills, and motor movement. Withdrawal symptoms include: sleep difficulties, increased mood problems, and weight loss. Physical health problems also may be present.

Front 11

Amphetamines

Back 11

Illicit drug (CNS stimulant); Stimulant drugs that prolong wakefulness and suppress appetite. Include ecstasy, crystal meth, and even ADHD medicaiton.

Front 12

Amphetamine High

Back 12

Includes euphoria, increased energy, mental alertness, and rapid speech.

Front 13

Functional Impairments of CNS Stimulants

Back 13

Causes increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as damage to blood vessels in the brain. People develop psychotic symptoms, paranoia, anxiety and insomnia that persists. Their tolerance develops rapidly, and overtime users can become violent and aggressive.

Front 14

Cocaine

Back 14

CNS Stimulant; Derived from the leaves of a coca plant. The high is characterized by euphoria, increased energy, and can be used as a painkiller. Can be made into a powdered form to be snorted or injected, or a rock form to be smoked.

Front 15

Functional Impairment of Cocaine

Back 15

Highly addictive; Prevents reabsorption of dopamine.

Front 16

Barbiturates

Back 16

Sedative Drug; Acts on GABA the same way alcohol does. Characterized by disinhibition/euphoria, impaired coordination, impaired memory, slurred speech, and paranoia/anxiety. Common ones are amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital.

Front 17

Benzodiazepines

Back 17

Sedative Drug; A short term anxiolytic. Lower abuse potential, but tolerance is quickly developed. Common ones are Valium, Xanax, and Halcion.

Front 18

Functional Impairment of Sedative Drugs

Back 18

Can easily over-sedate; Issues in thinking and interacting with others; High potential for overdose; death; interaction with alcohol is deadly; Withdrawal symptoms are similar to those of alcohol.

Front 19

Opioids

Back 19

Derived from opium poppy (heroin, morphine and codeine). It mimics the body's natural opioids, which are endorphins. Typically used to treat physical pain. Can be smoked, snorted, or injected. The high is characterized by tranquility, euphoria, pain relief, and reduced anxiety.

Front 20

Functional Impairment of Opioids

Back 20

Tolerance develops rapidly; Can be needle complications (unknown contents, AIDS).

Front 21

Hallucinogens

Back 21

Causes altered states of bodily perception and sensations; intense emotions; detachment from self and environment; feeling of insight with mystical/religious significance. They disrupt the transmission of serotonin. Naturally found in shrooms and mescaline, synthetically found in LSD.

Front 22

Functional Impairment of Hallucinogens

Back 22

Psychological symptoms of emotional swings, panic, and paranoia.

Front 23

Inhalants

Back 23

Vapors from a variety of chemicals - immediate effect of euphoria/sedation. This can cause permanent damage to all organ systems.

Front 24

Functional Impairment of Inhalants

Back 24

Damage to vital organs, nerve damage and neurological problems, and muscle spasms and tremors.

Front 25

Etiology of Substance-Related Disorders

Back 25

Operant and Classical Conditioning; Beliefs about self when using/need for drugs.

Front 26

Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Back 26

No single approach; Behavioral therapies are a critical component; Willingness is not critical; Usually requires multiple rounds of treatment; Avoidance of stimulus; Motivation enhancement; Twelve step approaches.

Front 27

Lapse

Back 27

Isolated incident of breaking their abstinence

Front 28

Relapse

Back 28

Complete return to substance use behaviors.

Front 29

Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Biological

Back 29

Detoxification; Replacement therapy; Methadone and naltrexone treatment; Aversive treatment; Vaccines.

Front 30

Methadone

Back 30

Works on same receptors as drug, just less severe over time.

Front 31

Naltrexone

Back 31

Works on same receptors as drug, but tries to counteract the effects of the drug.