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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Different MPOA in males and females |
Sexually dimorphic structure in connectivity, females: several synapses on dendritic spines, males: several synapses on dendritic shaft. Hormonal manipulation: testosterone on females--> male organization (temporal window). Castration of males in temporal window --> female organization. |
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Different SDN-POA in females and males |
Volumetric difference: larger in males due to apoptosis in females. Androgens (estrogenic metabolites) protecting against cell death. Unknown difference in function. |
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AVPV difference in males and females |
Larger in females (ovulation), testosterone promotes apoptosis in this structure. |
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Dopaminergic neuron difference in AVPV |
Molecular sex difference in the brain, female rodents have several dopanminergic neurons. This is a result of organizational effects of estrogen. |
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Kisspeptin difference in AVPV |
Molecular sex difference in the brain, more in female rats. Kisspeptin is involved in the circuit mediating the estrogen-mediated LH surge. |
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Vasopressing difference |
Molecular sex difference, more neurons in males in BNST and medial amygdala, important for reproductive behavior in males and females. Based on organizational effects of steroids. In rats correlated with social behaviors such as aggression. |
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Arginine vasotocin AVT |
Nanopeptide modulating/regulating many sexually dimorphic behaviors in bullfrogs. |
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Serotonin receptor differences |
Many receptors, modulates aggressive behavior in mammals. More of type 2 in men and more of type 1A in women. |
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Testosterone prohormone difference |
Converting to DHT and estradiol, higher activity in BNST and medial amygdala and VMN of hypothalamus in male rats. |
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Efferent motor pathway |
Song production: HVC..RA. |
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Anterior forebrain pathway |
Song learning: HVC..RA. |
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Hormones on song control systems |
Volumetric differences in HVC and RA (zebra finch). Masculinization iduced by nonhormonal factors, genes on Y chromosome. |
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Photoperiod |
The number of hours of light per day. Mediates singing in some birds, possibly through effects of melatonin. |
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Courtship in midmanship fish |
Type I: vocalization by 11-ketotestosterone. Female: perceptual organs are sensitisized by 17beta-estradiol to enhance communication. |
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Urinary posture in canine |
Sexually dimorphic behavior, appears around puberty, not reproductive, organized by steroid hormones, but not activated by them. |
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Rough and tumble play in primates |
Organized prenatally, CAH more masculinized play behavior. |
