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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory receptors are biological ___________________, or devices for converting one type of energy to another.
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transducers
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The minimum amount of stimulation necessary for a sensation to occur defines the ___________________ ______________________.
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absolute threshold
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Subliminal stimuli have been shown to have an effect on the behavior of viewers. T or F?
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T
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Lettvin found that a frog’s eyes are especially sensitive to phos-phenes. T or F?
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F
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Important features of the environment are transmitted to the brain through a process known as
* phosphenation * coding * detection * programming |
b
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6. Is a doorbell a transducer?
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In a broad sense, it is. The button converts mechanical energy from your finger into an electrical signal that is converted again into mechanical energy in order to strike a bell; the physical vibrations of the bell then produce sound waves that are transduced into nerve impulses by the ears of the person in the house.
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7. If the human ear were more sensitive than it is now, our hearing would be impaired. How could this be true?
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Under ideal conditions, vibrations of the eardrum as small as one billionth of a centimeter (one tenth the diameter of a hydrogen atom) can be heard. Therefore, if your ears were more sensitive, they would convert the random movement of air molecules into a constant roaring or hissing noise
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8. When promoters of self-help “subliminal tapes” are challenged to provide evidence that their products work, what study do you think they most often cite?
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Good guess! That’s right, it’s still the faked “Eat popcorn/drink Coca-Cola” study (Pratkanis, 1992).
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The __________________ ___________________ is made up of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers.
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visible spectrum
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Hyperopia is related to
* farsightedness * having an elongated eye * corneal astigmatism * lack of cones in the fovea |
a
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Hubel and Wiesel found that cells in the visual cortex of the brain function as ________________________ ______________________.
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feature detectors
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In dim light, vision depends mainly on the ____________________.
In brighter light, color and fine detail are produced by the ____________________. |
rods, cones
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The fovea has the greatest visual acuity due to the large concentration of rods found there. T or F?
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F
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The term “20/20 vision” means that a person can see at 20 feet what can normally be seen from 20 feet. T or F?
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T
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For the cones, the most visible color is a. reddish orange b. blue-green c. yellow-orange d. yellowish green
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d
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The eyes become more sensitive to light at night because of a process known as ________________________ _________________________.
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dark adaptation
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The frequency of a sound wave corresponds to how loud it is. T or F?
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F
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# Which of the following is not a part of the cochlea?
a.ossicles b.pinna c.tympanic membrane d.all of the above |
d
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Which of the following is not important for the transduction of sound?
a. pinna b. ossicles c. phosphenes d. oval window e. hair cells |
c
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According to the place theory of hearing, higher tones register most strongly near the base of the cochlea. T or F?
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T
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Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the auditory ossicles are damaged. T or F?
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F
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Daily exposure to sounds with a loudness of _______ decibels may cause permanent hearing loss.
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85
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Cochlear implants have been used primarily to overcome
a. conductive hearing loss b. hunter’s notch c. sensorineural hearing loss d. tinnitus |
c
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Olfaction appears to be at least partially explained by the _____________ _____________ _____________ theory of molecule shapes and receptor sites.
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lock and key
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From the standpoint of survival, we are fortunate that we are least sensitive to bitter tastes. T or F?
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F
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Which of the following is a somesthetic sense?
a. gestation b. olfaction c. rarefaction d. kinesthesis |
d
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Pain that originates in the internal organs is sometimes felt on the surface of the body as “referred pain.” T or F?
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T
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Warning pain is carried by ______________ nerve fibers.
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large
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An ability to sense the inertia of objects as we move them through space is the basis for __________________________ .
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dynamic touch
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Head movements are detected primarily in the semicircular canals, gravity by the otolith organs. T or F?
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T
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Sensory conflict theory appears to explain space sickness, but it does not seem to apply to other types of motion sickness. T or F?
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F
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Sensory adaptation refers to an increase in sensory response that accompanies a constant or unchanging stimulus. T or F?
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F
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The brain-centered ability to influence what sensations we will receive is called
a. sensory gating b. central adaptation c. selective attention d. sensory biasing |
c
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The painkilling effects of acupuncture appear to result from __________________ and the release of beta-endorphin.
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sensory gating
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