Psy 2012 Final Exam Chapter 3

Front 1

1. Areas of the DNA molecule called genes are made up of dominant and recessive chromosomes. T or F?

Back 1

F

Front 2

2. Most inherited characteristics can be described as polygenic. T or F?

Back 2

T

Front 3

3. If one parent has a one dominant brown-eye gene and one recessive blue-eye gene and the other parent has two dominant brown-eye genes, what is the chance that their child will have blue eyes?

* 25 percent
* 50 percent
* 0 percent
* 75 percent

Back 3

C

Front 4

4. The orderly sequence observed in the unfolding of many basic responses can be attributed to ___________________________.

Back 4

maturation

Front 5

5. “Slow-to-warm-up” children can be described as restrained, unexpressive, or shy. T or F?

Back 5

T

Front 6

6. A ________________________ __________________ is a time of increased sensitivity to environmental influences.

Back 6

sensitive period

Front 7

7. As a child develops there is a continuous ________________________ between the forces of heredity and environment.

Back 7

interaction

Front 8

8. Environmental influences can interact with hereditary programming in an exceedingly direct way. Can you guess what it is?

Back 8

Environmental conditions sometimes turn specific genes on or off, thus directly affecting the expression of genetic tendencies (Gottlieb, 1998).

Front 9

If an infant is startled, he or she will make movements similar to an embrace. This is known as the

a. grasping reflex
b. rooting reflex
c. Moro reflex
d. adaptive reflex

Back 9

C

Front 10

During infancy, a capacity for imitating others first becomes evident at about 9 months of age. T or F?

Back 10

F

Front 11

# After age 2, infants tested in a looking chamber show a marked preference for familiar faces and simpler designs. T or F?

Back 11

F

Front 12

General excitement or interest is the clearest emotional response present in newborn infants, but meaningful expressions of delight and distress appear soon after. T or F?

Back 12

T

Front 13

Neonates display a social smile as early as 10 days after birth. T or F?

Back 13

F

Front 14

Clear signs of self-awareness or self-recognition are evident in most infants by the time they reach 8 months of age. T or F?

Back 14

F

Front 15

The development of separation anxiety in an infant corresponds to the formation of an attachment to parents. T or F?

Back 15

T

Front 16

High-quality day care can actually improve children’s social and mental skills. T or F?

Back 16

T

Front 17

# Fathers are more likely to act as playmates for their children, rather than caregivers. T or F?
# Fathers are more likely to act as playmates for their children, rather than caregivers. T or F?

Back 17

T

Front 18

According to Diana Baumrind’s research, effective parents are authoritarian in their approach to their children’s behavior. T or F?

Back 18

F

Front 19

Asian-American parents tend to be more individually oriented than parents whose ethnic roots are European. T or F?

Back 19

F

Front 20

The development of speech and language usually occurs in which order?

a. crying, cooing, babbling, telegraphic speech

b. cooing, crying, babbling, telegraphic speech

c. babbling, crying, cooing, telegraphic speech

d. crying, babbling, cooing, identification

Back 20

a

Front 21

Simple two-word sentences are characteristic of ________________ _______________ speech.

Back 21

telegraphic

Front 22

Noam ________________________ has advanced the idea that language acquisition is built on innate patterns.

Back 22

Chomsky

Front 23

Prelanguage turn-taking and social interactions would be of special interest to a psycholinguist. T or F?

Back 23

T

Front 24

# The style of speaking known as ______________________________ is higher in pitch and has a musical quality.

Back 24

Parentese or motherese

Front 25

Assimilation refers to applying existing thought patterns or knowledge to new situations. T or F?

Back 25

T

Front 26

Newer methods for testing infant thinking abilities frequently make note of whether an infant is _____________________________ by seemingly _____________________________ events.

Back 26

surprised, impossible

Front 27

Vygotsky called the process of providing a temporary framework of supports for learning new mental abilities _____________________ ____________.

Back 27

scaffolding

Front 28

In North America the primary criterion for the transition from adolescence to adulthood is marriage. T or F?

Back 28

F

Front 29

Identify formation is spurred by ________________ and ________________ ________________.

Back 29

puberty, cognitive development

Front 30

According to Jeffrey Arnett, the trend in affluent Westernized cultures toward allowing young people to take longer to settle into their adult roles is best referred to as
a. emerging adulthood
b. hurried childhood
c. a maturity gap
d. extended adolescence

Back 30

a

Front 31

According to Kohlberg, the conventional level of moral development is marked by a reliance on outside authority. T or F?

Back 31

T

Front 32

Self-interest and avoiding punishment are elements of postconventional morality. T or F?

Back 32

F

Front 33

# About 80 percent of all adults function at the postconventional level of moral reasoning. T or F?

Back 33

F

Front 34

Gilligan regards gaining a sense of justice as the principal basis of moral development. T or F?

Back 34

F

Front 35

11. Nearly everyone experiences a midlife crisis sometime around age 40. T or F?

Back 35

F

Front 36

12.After age 65, a large proportion of older people show significant signs of mental disability and most require special care. T or F?

Back 36

F

Front 37

13. Job performance tends to decline rapidly in older workers. T or F?

Back 37

F

Front 38

14.In the reaction that Kübler-Ross describes as bargaining, the dying individual asks, “Why me?” T or F?

Back 38

F