Psy 201- Chapter 2

Front 1

Divisions of the nervous system

Back 1

The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System

Front 2

The Central Nervous system

Back 2

The brain and the spinal cord

Front 3

The Peripheral Nervous system

Back 3

Transmits information to and from the central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

Front 4

Brain

Back 4

Interprets and stores information and sends orders to muscles, glands and organs

Front 5

Spinal Cord

Back 5

Pathway connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system

Front 6

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 6

Automatically regulates glands, internal organs, blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure.

Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division

Front 7

Somatic Nervous system

Back 7

Carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles

Front 8

Para-sympathetic Division

Back 8

Maintains body functions under ordinary conditions; saves energy

Front 9

Sympathetic Division

Back 9

Prepares the body to react and expend energy in times of stress.

Front 10

Hind Brain

Back 10

medulla
pons
reticular fomation
cerebellum

Front 11

Medulla

Back 11

swelling at the top the spinal cord
where nerves cross over from one side of the body to the opposite side of the brain.
Heartbeat, breathing and swallowing.

Front 12

Pons

Back 12

- above the medulla
- "bridge" between lower and upper parts of the brain.
- motor nerves: coordinates movements from left to right
- sleep, dreaming, and arousal.

Front 13

The reticular formation

Back 13

an area of neurons in between the medulla and the cerebellum. Responsible for peoples ability to selectively attend to certain kinds of unchanging information (such as noise of air conditioner) and become alert to changing information. Keeps people awake, alert and aroused.
Damage causes comas.

Front 14

Cerebellum

Back 14

At the base of the skull. (little brain)
controls involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement.
Sit upright
learned reflexes or skills are stored.

Front 15

Limbic System

Back 15

marginal structures above ear involved in emotions,motivation and learning.
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala

Front 16

Thalamus

Back 16

Acts as a relay station from sensory organs to cerebral cortex.
hearing, sight, touch, taste,
Olfactory bulbs- smell

Front 17

Hypothalamus

Back 17

below thalamus
regulates
temperature
thirst
hunger
sleeping
waking
sexual activity
emotions
controls pituitary gland

Front 18

Amygdala

Back 18

almond (bulbous)
fear responses
and memory of fear
respond to danger quickly

Front 19

Cortex

Back 19

outer covering or rind of brain.
made up of tightly packed neurons
corti-calization- wrinkling; real measure of human intelligence.
responsible for higher thought processes ans interpretation of sensory input.

Front 20

Cerebral Hemispheres

Back 20

conncted by a thick tough band of neural fibers (axons) called corpus callosum. allows left and right hemispheres to communicate with each other.

Front 21

Occipital Lobe

Back 21

at the base of the cortex
processes visual information
makes sense of visual information

Front 22

Parietal Lobe

Back 22

1. at the top and back of the brain
2. somato-sensory complex: area of neurons running down the front and sides of the brain.
3. touch, temperature, and body position

Front 23

Temporal Lobes

Back 23

found behind the temples of the head.
a blow to the side of the head ( ringing sound)
left- involved with language
sense of taste

Front 24

Frontal Lobes

Back 24

front of the brain
higher mental functions of the brain
planning
personality
memory storage
complex decision making
left- language

Front 25

split brain patients

Back 25

epileptics
cannot interpret what they see on left side

Front 26

Endocrine glands

Back 26

secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, that influence the activity of the brain, producing excitatory or inhibitory effects

Front 27

Pituitary gland

Back 27

located below hypothalamus
controls endocrine glands.
growth hormone
production of milk
feedback system

Front 28

Pineal gland

Back 28

secretes melatonin - sleep wake cycle

Front 29

thyroid gland

Back 29

controls level of sugar

Front 30

adrenal glands

Back 30

on top of each kidney
epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 31

neurons

Back 31

specialized cells that send and receive messages

Front 32

dendrites

Back 32

branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons.

Front 33

soma

Back 33

the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell

Front 34

axon

Back 34

tubelike structure that carries neural message to other cells

Front 35

glial cells

Back 35

schwann cells: myelin in peripheral

oligodendrocytes: myelin in CNS

Front 36

myelin

Back 36

fatty substances that coat the axons to insulate, protect, and speed up neural impulse.

Front 37

nerves

Back 37

bundles of axons coated in myelin traveling together through the body

Front 38

synapse gap

Back 38

space between dendrites of other neurons

Front 39

synaptic knob or axon terminal button

Back 39

tip of axon, where neurotransmitter in vesicles are contained

Front 40

receptor sites

Back 40

receptors that allow specific neurotransmitters to fit into it

Front 41

action potential/ spike charge/ depolarization

Back 41

the release of the neural impulse consisting a reversal in electrical charge. positive inside/negative outside
must reach threshold before firing.

Front 42

resting potential/ polarized

Back 42

when not firing the neuron
inside negative/positive outside

Front 43

all or none

Back 43

neuron fires completely or does not fire at all

Front 44

threshold

Back 44

level if stimulation required for activation

Front 45

QA DEPARTMENT

Back 45

preforms internal audits to evaluate
the effectiveness of the quality system in an organization

Front 46

Cleaning up synapse

Back 46

reuptake
enzymatic degradation

Front 47

neurotransmitters

Back 47

excitatory- causes receiving cell to fire

inhibitory- causes the receiving cell stop firing

Front 48

drugs

Back 48

agonist- enhance or mimic effects of NT's
antagonist- block or reduce effects of NT's

Front 49

Alcohol
nicotine
cobra venom

Back 49

Gaba agonist
mimics acetylcholine (stimulant)
blocks acetylcholine (paralyses/death)