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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purposes of surveys
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1.Operationally define psycholgoical constructs using self-report
2.Provide a description of a population based on a sample |
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Nonprobability sampling
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lack of randomness
limits the generalizabiltiy of results results in biased sample if try to make inferences to more broad population -convenience sampling: whoever is available -snowball sampling: participants help recruit other participants |
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Probability sampling
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usually requires listing of entire population
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simple random sampling
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random selection of participants w/in a population
use random number table |
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systematic sampling
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follow a pattern when selecting participants from listing of population
list cant be order that could cause bias |
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Stratified random sampling
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randomly selecting participants from each group, make sure sample has same percentage as population
best when want to ensure reprensentation of groups consisting of small percentage of population |
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cluster sampling
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all individuals from randomly selected, naturally-occuring groupings
-doesnt require listing of entire population -requires listing of naturally-occuring groups ex. sample of students majoring in psych; randomly select schools w/ psych departments and survey all students majoring in psyc |
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multistage sampling
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groupings randomly selected at each level beginning w/ mos broad then finally selecting from smallest groupings
counties, towns, neighborhoods, houses |
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Margin of Error
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-index of precision of results
-range in percentage to describe potential differences b/w survey results ("estimates") and the population |
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MOE based on...
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Sample size: larger sample= smaller moe and more precision
Estimates: percentages, moe is largest when estimate is 50% and decreases as estimates are further from 50% Confidence Int: often 95% used smaller confidence interval= smaller sample size |
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open ended questions
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allows for narrative
easier to develop allows freedom of response harder to tabulate reponses are inconsistent and vary in legnth and content |
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closed ended questions
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choice from alternatives
more difficult to develop may limit breath of responses easier and faster to tabulate enhanced consistency across respondents |
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survey construction
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instructions at beginning of each section
avoid jargons/acronyms/abbrev. short items avoid double-negatives avoid double-barrelled questions avoid leading questions |
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tips for closed ended questions
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include "other"
use mutually exclusive alternatives instead of overlapping alternatives(only 1 response, distinct from others) rating scale: number of points, midpoint, direction, anhors |
