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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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objectives of psy. research
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1.describe behavior and experience
2.predict beh. and experience 3.explainn beh. and experience 4.control beh and exp |
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steps of scientific method
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1.observe a phenomenon
2.formulate tentative explanation 3.systematic observing and data collection 4.refine and retest explanations |
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refine
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supportive findings lead to other hypotheses to:
expand on the relationships explore limitations of phen. explore the causes of the relationships observed |
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retest
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not finding support may lead to revising the prediction and testing it
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variables
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any characteristic that can take on 2 or more values
(height, sex, weight, mental ability, race) Constant= variable that has only 1 value in a particular study |
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discrete variables
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set of mutually exclusive, exhuastive categories.
-each person assigned to 1 and only 1 category "categorical" variable |
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continuous variables
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based on being more or less on whatever the variable refers to
difference in degree/extent, not kind participants value can take on any from a range of values |
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IV
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intervene by manipulating the IV
is independent of other possible causes |
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DV
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measured, presumed effect
DV's value may depend on changes in the IV |
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contructs
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abstract concepts that represent ideas, experience and/or beh.
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operational def
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descriptions of the procedures through which a variable is measured or levels of an IV are created
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correlational research
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has @least 1 of each of these variables: Predictor and Outcome variable
both variables are naturally-occuring, both are measured and not manipulated |
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reliability
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degree of consistency of a measure
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validity
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extent to which a measurement instrument measures what it's supposed to
measure must be reliable in order for it be valid |
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descriptive research
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adv: captures complexity of everyday behavoir; surveys, observations
dis: provides only static picture, cant tell what led to findings/what findings will result in |
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descriptive research stats
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Do x and y seem to be related?
Control: none Involvement: measurement (survey) or none (observation) Inference: descriptive can summarize, but cannot explain why |
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correlational approach
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evaluates association b/w two naturally occuring variables
range from +1 to -1 |
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correlational approach stats
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are x and y positively/ negatively related?
Control: statistical involvment: measurement inference: association |
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experimental approach
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IV variable is manipulated; precedes and influences measurements of DV
DV is measured ICED: Independent varibale=Cause= Dependent variable |
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confounds
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"muck" up things
variables that systematically vary with the IV and may affect DV ex. cup color want to eliminate any potential confound; they weaken the inference that the IV was the cause of the differences |
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experimental method stats
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If X, then Y?
Control: yes involvment: Manipulates IV, measure DV Infernece: causal |
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experimental method stats
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If X, then Y?
Control: yes involvment: Manipulates IV, measure DV Infernece: causal |
