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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glial
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Structural support, efficient communication
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Neurons
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Transmit information throughout nervous system
Building blocks |
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Shape of Neurons
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It shape spidery
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cell body
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Cell maintenance and function
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Axon
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Transmits electrical impulses toward adjacent neuron
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Dendrites
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Receive incoming messages from other neurons
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Myelin Sheath
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Insulates axon, efficiency and strength of impulses
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Synapse
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Junction between axon and adjacent neuron
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Terminal button
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Tiny sac of neurotransmitters. Impulse trigger release into the synaptic cleft (gap between neurons)
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ions/anions
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Positively charged sodium and potassium & negatively charged chloride most common. Negatively charged proteins
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Sympathetic nervous system
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Activation of bodily systems in times of crisis
“Fight or flight” response |
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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Return to less active, relaxation
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In order from earliest to newest
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Hindbrain
Midbrain Forebrain |
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Hindbrain
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Regulates breathing, heart rate, arousal and other basic survival functions
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Medulla
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regulates breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and various reflexes (e.g., coughing)
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Cerebellum
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is responsible for movement, balance, coordination, fine motor skills & learning and language
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Midbrain
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Control eye muscles, auditory and visual information and initiate voluntary movement
Together with medulla and pons referred to the brain stem |
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Reticular formation
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Nerve network important to waking and falling asleep
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Forebrain
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Cerebrum, thalamus and limbic system
Together they control cognitive, sensory and motor functions Regulate temperature, reproduction, eating, sleeping and emotions |
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Bi-lateral structures
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Most forebrain structures are on both sides
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Thalamus
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Receives input from ears, eyes, skin & taste buds
Not olfactory Relays this information to the corresponding part of the cerebral cortex “Sensory relay station |
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Hypothalamus
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Drives & motives (hunger, thirst, temperature, sexual behavior)
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Hippocampus
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Learning and memory
If information is important, then processed and becomes a lasting memory Learning changes the brain (e.g., London taxi drivers) |
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Cingulate gyrus
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Important role in attention and cognitive control
Activated during problem solving Seems to malfunction in people w/schizophrenia |
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Basal ganglia
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Involved in voluntary motor control
Parkinson’s & Huntington’s disease effect neuron functioning in this region |
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Cerebral Cortex
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Thin – about one tenth to one fifth and inch thick
However, much thought, planning, perception and consciousness take place here Activity that makes us human |
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Cerebrum
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Two large hemispheres, many folds
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Frontal lobe
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1/3 of the area
Primary motor cortex top of head toward center of brain Contralaterality – controls opposite side movement Hitzig – injured soldiers |
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Parietal lobe
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Sensation and touch perception
Somatosensory cortex |
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Temporal lobe
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Main function is hearing
Auditory cortex Connected to the hippocampus and amygdala |
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Chromosome
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Cellular structure, holds ourgenetic information
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DNA
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Genetic material (threads) of the chromosomes
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Genes
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Parts of DNA that influence specific characteristics
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Genome
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All the genetic material in DNA
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