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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Teratogens |
outside toxins, viruses can damage embryo. ex: alcohol environmental exposure |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
abnormalities because of alcohol. small head lifelong brain structure, cognitive, and behavior abnormalities |
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Nature vs. nurture |
how genetics (nature) interacts w/experiences (nurture) |
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continuity |
gradually like escalator |
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stages (continuity and stages) |
abruptly like climbing a lader |
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Stability (stability & change) |
provides identity. lets us depend on others. |
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Change (stability & change) |
motivates us. lets us adopt and grow with experience |
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Piagets theory
sensorimortor |
birth to 2 yrs - sees world through sens and actions ( object permance, stranger anxiety) |
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Piaget theory
Preoperational |
2-7yrs words and images to express. pretend play egocentricsm. intuitve instead of emotional |
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Piaget theory
concrete operational |
7-11yrs thinking logical (conservation, mathmatical transformation) |
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Piaget theory
formal operational |
12-adulthood abstract reasoning (abstract logic, mature moral reasoning) |
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object permanace |
Things exist even when not percived or seen. |
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conservation |
beginning quantity remains same despite changes in shape |
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egocentric |
difficulty taking anothers point of view |
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Definition of attachment bond |
survival impulse that keeps infants close to caregivers |
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Authoritarian parenting |
impose rules and expect obedience. strict |
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Authoritative parenting |
demands respect but open to discussion and allowing acceptions |
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permissive |
makes few demands little punishment |
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puberty |
surge of hormones capable of reproducing |
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Adolescence |
begins at puberty ends with social achivement |
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menopause |
natural cease of menustration |
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sensation |
sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represents stimulus we see |
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perception |
organizing and interpeting sensory information lets us recognize objects and events |
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absolute threshold |
minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus (light,sound, taste, or odor, pressure) half the time |
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sensory adaption |
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
ex: walking into smelly room and getting used to it |
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conciousness |
awareness of ourselves and our environment. focuses our attention when were learning. reflect on past plan for future by assembling info from diff. sources |
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selective attention |
focusing of concious awarness on a particular stimulus |
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inatentional blidness |
failing to see visible objects when our attention is focused somewherelse |
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cicadian rythym |
biological clock. bodily rythms occur on a 24hr cycle |
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suprachiasmatic nucleus |
pair of cell clusters that responds to light sensitive retinal proteins. increases or decreases production of melatonin. modifies feeling of sleepiness |
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insomnia |
persistent problems falling or staying asleep |
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narcolepsy |
uncontrollable sleep attacks. can go into rem sleep at random times |
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sleep apnea |
temporary stop of breathing during sleep. repeated short awakeanings |
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night terrors |
high arousal apperance of bieng terrified. no memory. during NREM-3 |
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Rem rebound |
when REM sleep increases after having REM deprevation. |
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learning |
aquiring information and behaviors through experience. |
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associative learning |
learning that certain events occur together. 2 stimuli or a response and its consequence |
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cognitive learning |
getting mental information whether by observing events, watching others, or through language |
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classical conditioning |
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. |
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generalization |
after a response has been conditoned. simlar stimuli elicits similar response
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discriminiation |
learned ability to distinguish between a conditoned stimulus and other similar stimulus. |
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operant conditoning |
method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior |
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shaping |
rewarding natural behavior as they get closer to a desired behavior |
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effects of sleep deprevation |
depression, weight loss |
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nightmares occur during which sleep stage |
REM |
