Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Emotions |
5 Components: A dedicated neural system A subjective feeling Physiological Changes Behavioral responses |
|
|
Emotions |
Negative emotions outnumber positive ones. Negative emotions are more powerful motivators than positive cognition. Emotions enable us to learn from good and bad decisions, aid cognition. Fear is amongst the most powerful of negative emotions. |
|
|
The Basic Emotions |
Happiness Sadness Fear Anger Surprise Disgust Contempt |
|
|
Basic Emotions |
Each basic emotion has a distinctive facial expression that uses particular facial muscles. Subtle cultural differences appear in how particular emotions are expressed. EX: Eastern cultures focus more on eyes, Western on mouth |
|
|
Lying |
Lying increases cognitive load. total amount of mental effortbeing used in the working memory. Liars are more likely to make mistakes telling stories in reverse order, or while also maintaining eye contact. So-called lie detectors are merely emotion detectors, and don't work when truth tellers are upset |
|
|
The James-Lange Theory |
Environmental Stimulus, leads to, Physiological Arousal, leads to, Emotion Thoughts about Emotion. So each emotion would have unique physiological arousal pattern |
|
|
The Cannon-Bard Theory |
ANS and cortexactivity together become the emotion. Environmental Stimulus The Stimulation of theThalamus The Stimulation of Stimulation of ANS Cerebral Cortex |
|
|
The Lazarus Model(Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Model) |
Environmental Stimulus Cerebral Cortex appraises the stimulus situation Emotional thoughts, Stimulation of the ANS |
|
|
Other Emotion Issues |
We can feel emotions, especially fear, without cognition, through direct stimulation of the amygdala. Facial expressions and body postures can trigger emotion. |
|
|
Anger |
Freud's idea of releasing or venting anger (Catharsis) is largely a myth-- venting anger on other objects tends to increase it Talking it out w/ someone else also increases anger Forgiving the object of our anger actually improves our own health. Only way to reduce anger is to let go. |
|
|
Happiness |
· Most people are reasonably happy, and think theyare happier than others · Money is strongly related to overall lifeevaluation and satisfaction with one’s standard of living, but only weaklyrelated to emotional happiness · People with stronger relationships with othersare happier. |
|
|
Stress |
· The physiological, physiological, and behavioralresponses to conditions that threaten or challenge us · Mild, brief stress can be positive andmotivating, but chronic, intense stress is harmful · Bad for body in the long run |
|
|
General Adaption Syndrome (Selye) |
Phase 1 Alarm reaction Phase2 Resistance Phase 3 Exhaustion Stress is killing us |
|
|
Stress Reactions |
· Taylor has argued that males do “fight orflight” when faced with stress, but females do “tend and befriend” · Tend and befriend tied to the hormone oxytocin |
|
|
Stress & Illness |
· Psychoneuroimmunology studies the relationshipbetween health and stress · Stress increase virus and bacteriasusceptibility, coronary heart disease, and depression rates. |
|
|
The Immune System |
· B-cells--mature in bone, marrow, make antibodies. · Macrophages—large white blood cells that envelopand destroy invaders, share parts of them with T-calls. · Helper T-cells—mature in the thymus gland, carryparts of invaders from macrophages to B-cells, inspire cytotoxic T-cells tokill virus-infected cells |
|
|
The Immune System |
· Natural Killer (NK) cells-- lyse foreign androgue cells destroy them. Which makes the foreign cell explode. · Immune system functioning rises a bit over theshort term when we’re stressed · Immune system functioning drops when we’rechronically depressed or stressed · Stress lowers the immune system responding |
|
|
Coronary Heart Disease |
· Caused by build-up of plaque in heart arteries.Narrows the arties which can be clogged up by a blood clot and cause a heartattack. · Depositing bad cholesterol in your life at age 8 · Body manufactures cholesterol. Why? Cholesterolis the basis for testosterone, |
|
|
Coronary Heart Disease |
· Factors: o Smoking o Hypertension o HighCholesterol o Diabetes-increase risk of blood clots, o Stress o Familyhistory of heart disease o TypeA personality – people who have anger and hostility and insane levels ofcompetitiveness |
|
|
Type A Personality |
Anger & Hostility Impatience & a strong sense of time urgency High levels of Competitiveness |
|
|
Placebo effects |
· Problem-focused coping—addresses the actualcause of the stress itself. Ex: get a second opinion · Emotion-focused coping—addresses our view of thesituation rather than the situation itself. EX: reevaluate your life by lookingat the positive side |
|
|
Coping Methods |
· Optimism—allows us to view events as positiveand therefore less stressful. Pessimismis the opposite. · Optimists view negative events as o External(thus not their fault) o Temporary(and thus transient) o Surmountable(thus not catastrophe) |
|
|
Aerobic Exercise |
o Createsexcess capacity so we’re not so strained by events o IncreasesN-K and T-cells counts o Createspositive mood, increases serotonin and endorphin (blocks pain) levels o Protectsagainst heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. |
|
|
aerobic exercise |
o Best done in moderation—1 hour 3 or 4 times a week has tremendous benefits o Extreme exercise actually reduces health and increases stress |
|
|
Meditation |
o Createsa relaxation response that decreases physiological arousal and increasesattention to the moment o Kabat-Zinncreated Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), which strengthens immuneresponse and activates sections of the brain associative with positive emotion |
|
|
seeking social support |
o Knowinghelp is there reduces stress, even if help is not used o Havingsocial support encourages healthful activites and discourages unhealthful ones o Providingsocial support also has health benefits, healthy encouragement |
|
|
religious belief |
o Providesboth problem-focuses and emotion-focused coping: § Problem-focusedcoping includes rites, rituals, sacrifices rites, and prayers believed todirectly address the source of the stress § Emotion-focusedcoping includes putting positive spins on most of life’s negatives o Buthealth advantages of religious belief only appear in societies where religiousbelief is viewed with respect |
