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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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strands of hereditary material |
chromosomes |
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sections along each chromosome that control the chemical reactions that direct development ex: height or hair color |
genes |
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a single copy of the gene is sufficient to produce its effect ex: of you either one or two genes for brown eyes you will have brown eyes |
dominant gene |
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its effects appear only if the dominant gene is absent ex: you have blue eyes only if both genes for blue eyes |
recessive gene |
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a female has 2 of these chromosomes in each cell |
X chromosomes |
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a male has one _ chromosome and one X chromosome in each cell |
Y chromosome |
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genes located on the X or Y chromosome are known as ... |
sex-linked genes |
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occurs equally in both sexes but exerts its effect mainly or entirely in one or the other |
sex-limited genes |
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deals with changes in gene expression as a result of environmental influences, without modification of the DNA sequence |
epigenetic |
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an estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredity |
heritability |
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twins that develop from a single fertilized egg (zygote) and therefore have identical genes = identical twins |
monozygotic twins |
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twins that develop from two eggs and share only half their genes = fraternal twins |
dizygotic twins |
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a small initial advantage in some behavior, possibly genetic in origin , alters the environment and magnifies that advantage |
multiplier effect |
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an inherited condition that, if untreated leads to mental retardation |
PKU |
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descent with modification, known as a gradual change in the frequency of various genes from one generation to t he next |
evolution |
