Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the core characteristics of ADHD
|
Inattention andhyperactivity-Impulsivity. |
|
|
What types of attentionproblems can be differentiated and which ones are problematic for children withADHD? |
Selective attention, sustaining attention, alertingare problems. Attention capacity is not a problem. |
|
|
What deficit plays alarge role in causing hyperactivity an impulsivity? |
Deficit in regulating behavior.
|
|
|
What additional problemscommonly occur with ADHD? |
Cognitive deficits,language impairment, health concerns, social problems, comorbid conditions. |
|
|
What cognitive deficitsare associated with ADHD? |
Executive functioning deficits-integrate and managebrain functions, initiate and stop behavior, goal directed behavior Intellectual benefits (not in general; IQ is notreduced)- applying intelligence to everyday situations Impaired academic functioning- severe difficulties inschool, specific learning disorder (learning disability present in 45%) |
|
|
What language impairmentsare associated with ADHD? |
Difficulty comprehending other’sspeech Difficulty using languagefunctionally in everyday situations (excessive talking, frequent shifts, rambling, inability to listen |
|
|
What health concerns areassociated with ADHD? |
Motor coordination difficulties, accident prone, earlyinitiation of substance use, risky sexual behavior, 2x medical costs |
|
|
What effect does ADHDhave on the life span? |
Reduces life span by 8years |
|
|
What family problems areassociated with ADHD? |
Parenting stress, less support from friends and extended family, maritalconflict, maternal mentalhealth problems, increased alcohol consumption.
|
|
|
What peer problems areassociated with ADHD? |
Disliked, rejected, fewfriends, low social support. |
|
|
What other disorders arecomorbid with ADHD? |
Oppositional defiantdisorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder |
|
|
What is the prevalence ofADHD in general and in boys vs. girls? |
Boys: 6-9% Girls: 2-4%
|
|
|
How is ADHD generally alife-long disorder? |
Problems persist over time but change in their nature.
|
|
|
What problems arechildren with ADHD likely to experience as adults? |
Restlessness and easily bored, seeking novelty excitement, workdifficulties, social impairment,low self-concept, depression, substance use.
|
|
|
What is the basicexplanation for what causes ADHD? |
There is an interplay among several causes. However,there are genetic and neurobiological factors. It seems to be largely abiologically caused disorder but parenting is not a cause. |
|
|
What common explanationsfor ADHD in fact are not supported by research? |
Bad parenting, sugar intake, food allergies, yeast, fluorescentlighting, motion sickness, poor schoolenvironment, too much TV
|
|
|
What evidence stronglysuggests that ADHD is inherited? |
There is evidence that ADHD runs in families becausestudies have shown that a parent with ADHD has a 60% chance of having childrenwith ADHD. In addition, it was found that Monozygotic twins had a concordancerate of 65%. |
|
|
What neurobiologicaldifferences have been observed in children with ADHD? |
Blood flow to theprefrontal region is not enough. There are abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex which are associated toattention, delayed responding, and response organization.Under-responsivity to stimuli and deficits in response inhibition during tests which involve staying focused. |
|
|
What is the role of parentfactors in the causing of ADHD and its additional problems? |
Parents exacerbate symptoms of ADHD. It can also causeparenting problems especially when families have few resources to manage. |
|
|
Which is the most commontreatment for ADHD? |
Medication
|
|
|
What improvements aregenerally seen as a result of stimulant medication for ADHD? |
Sustained attention,impulse control, persistence in work, task-irrelevant activity, disruptivebehaviors, social interactions, academic productivity. |
|
|
What is the duration ofeffects from stimulant medication? |
Short-acting; medication needs to be taken once or twice a day. Once theperson stops taking the medication,the positive effects stop.
|
|
|
What issues are commonlyraised with stimulant medication? |
Some believe the medication is being overused. Although it is generallysafe, side effects may include: weight loss, reduced appetite, temporarygrowth, falling asleep. Some believe it may be addictive and may affectself-image.
|
|
|
What is addressed inParent Management Training for ADHD? |
Education about ADHD, skills to manage child’sbehavior, coping skills to deal with stress. |
|
|
What treatments shouldideally be combined in the treatment of ADHD? |
Medication, Parent Management Training, and Educational Intervention
|
