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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant with the autism spectrum?
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There are different degrees of severity, differentcombinations of symptoms and abilities, medical problems and a range ofintellectual ability and disability. |
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What are the 2 corefeatures of autism? |
1. Social and communication deficits 2. Restricted and repetitive behaviors andinterests |
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How is each core featuremanifested in children with autism? |
Social interaction Deficits manifested with autism:profound difficulty relating to people, show early deficits in orienting tosocial stimuli, imitating, sharing focus attention (pointing to get parent’sattention), limitation in social and emotional reciprocity, socialunderstanding attention to and understanding of emotional cues, 50%do notdevelop useful language, concrete use of language, problem with practical useof language, difficulty with complex communication, Don’t get that language isused to inform and influence others. Restricted andrepetitive behaviors: Narrow interests, insistence is sameness, stereotyped (self- stimulatory behaviors) behaviors(rocking, flapping hands), |
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What proportion ofchildren with autism do not develop useful language? |
50% do not develop useful language
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What are commoncharacteristics of children with Asperger’s Disorder? |
They tend to be egocentric, socially inept,preoccupied with abstract, narrow interests, and poorly coordinated. |
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How is IQ distributed in children with autism
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There is a wide variation in the intelligence for people with autism
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What is meant by splinterskills and savant ability and which is more common? |
Splinter skills are in the top 25%(very good skills).Those with savant abilities are in the top 5%. Splinter: very good skills atsomething. Savant: Extraordinary ability. Splinter skills are more common thansavant abilities. |
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What deficits in socialinformation processing do children with autism commonly have? |
Children with autism of ten have defecit processing social informationsuch as emotional expressions, voice, facial cues, internal mental state. Theyalso have a hard time understanding apparent motives, desires, pretend, andhumor
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What deficit in centralcoherence do children with autism commonly have? |
They focus on specifics, each bit of information is on its own, mentalsegmentation.
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What stressors arecommonly experienced by the family of children with autism? |
Parents may have a hard time meeting the needs oftheir child, cant comfort them or communicate with them (verbally andnon-verbally), cant relieve themselves from supervision of the child, may behard for them to find proper care system. |
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What is the prevalence ofautism? |
One in 68 children are diagnosed with autism by theage of 8, so about 1.6% of people have autism. ~2 million in the US. |
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What is the distributionof autism across sex and SES? |
1 in 42 boys. 1 in 189girls. More common among boys across SES |
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What are some possiblereasons why the prevalence of autism has increased over the past 20 years? |
-Broader definition -More awareness -More services -More exposure to (unknown) causes |
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When is autism typicallyfirst noticed? |
It’s noticed in the 1st2 years |
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What is the adult outcomeof individuals with autism dependent on? |
The outcome is dependent on IQ level, languagedevelopment, and disruptive behaviors (less is better. |
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What are the major causesof autism? |
Biological: Based on neurodevelopment disorderresulting from multiple causes, genetic influences, neurobiological |
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What pattern of autism dowe tend to see in families and twins, in general? |
Autism is most common in family members. 15-20% of sibling also haveASD. Identical twins there was a 70-90% concordance. Fraternal twins about 0%concordance
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What evidence point toneurobiological causes of autism? |
There are abnormalities in multiple areas of the brain(cerebellum, temporal lobe, and limbic system), overall, fewer connectionsamong parts of the brain, suggests brain starts developing abnormally inprenatal period. |
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What should interventionfocus on in low functioning vs. high functioning children with autism? |
Low functioning intervention should focus on reducingharmful behaviors, improving self-help skills, basic communications skills, anddomestic and work related skills. High functioning interventions should focus onlanguage fluency, social skills, classroom behaviors, and independence skills. |
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What purportedinterventions lack scientific evidence that they improve the functioning ofchildren with autism? |
-Dietary Modification – E.g.: DefeatAutism Now (DAN) protocol – Secretin (ahormone) – Immunotherapy – Transcranialstimulation – Auditorytraining – Sensoryintegration – Facilitatedcommunication |
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What behaviors at whatpoints in development are “red flags” for autism? |
Behavior Mos Behavior Mos No big smiles or other warm, joyful expressions 6 No words 16 No back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or other facial expressions 9 No two-word meaningful phrases (without imitating or repeating) 24 No back-and-forth gestures, such as pointing, showing, reaching, or waving 12 Any loss of speech or babbling or social skills Any time No babbling 12
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What is done in the UCLAYoung Autism/Lovaas Institute intervention and, in general terms, what is theoutcome? |
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