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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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applied psychologists
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psychologists who extend the principles of scientific psychology to practical problems in the world
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behavior
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observable actions such as moving about, talking, gesturing, and so on. behaviors can also refer to the activities of cells and to thoughts and feelings
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behaviorism
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a school of psychology proposing that the only proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior rather than immediate conscious experience; John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner
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clinical psychologists
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psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
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cognitive revolution
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the shift away from strict behaviorism, begun in the 1950s, characterized by renewed interest in fundamental problems of consciousness and internal mental processes
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culture
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the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group or community
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eclectic approach
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the idea that it's useful to select information from several sources rather than to rely entirely on a single perspective or school of thought
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empiricism
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the idea that knowledge comes directly from experience
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evolutionary psychology
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a movement proposing that we're born with mental processes and "software" that guide our thinking and behavior. these innate mechanisms were acquired through natural selection in our ancestral past and help us to solve specific adaptive problems
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functionalism
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an early school of psychology; functionalists believed that the proper way to understand mind and behavior is to first analyze their function and purpose; William James
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Gestalt psychology
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a movement proposing that certain organizing principles of perception are innate and cannot be altered by experience
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humanistic psychology
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a movement in psychology that focuses on people's unique capacities for choice, responsibility, and growth
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mind
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the contents and processes of subject experience: sensations, thoughts, and emotions
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psychiatrists
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medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
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psychoanalysis
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a term used by Freud to describe his theory of mind and system of therapy; unconscious mind
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psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mind
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research psychologists
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psychologists who try to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind
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structuralism
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an early school of psychology; structuralists tried to understand the mind by breaking it down into basic parts, much as a chemist might try to understand a chemical compound; Wilhelm Wundt
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systematic introspection
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an early technique used to study the mind; systematic introspection required people to look inward and describe their own experiences
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