Psy 110/2

Front 1

DIGIT-SPAN TEST (STM)

Back 1

measures attention & STM

Front 2

HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING

Back 2

new stimuli that takes on characterisitics of US

Front 3

PERMENANCE (LTM)

Back 3

memories are permenant b/c of constructive memory= as new memory comes in old ones are excluded

Front 4

CONTINGENT (CLASSICAL)

Back 4

get reinforcement immediately after & only after desired response

Front 5

SENSORY MEMORY

Back 5

pose an exact copy for few sec. - hold echo, sound, pic

Front 6

RESPONSE CHAINS (CLASSICAL)

Back 6

series of event for RF

Front 7

PRIMARY OPERANT REINFORCER

Back 7

not learned (food, water, & air)

Front 8

PHOBIC

Back 8

unrealistic fear of some specific object or situation

Front 9

Cognitive Map

Back 9

mental representation

Front 10

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

Back 10

an innate replex response elicited by and UC

Front 11

PUNISHER

Back 11

anything that decreases bx

Front 12

REINFORCEMENT

Back 12

any event that increases the chance that a response will occur

Front 13

MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL

Back 13

repeat {phone #}

Front 14

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

Back 14

reappearance of distinguished response after period of non-exposure to CS

Front 15

GENERALIZATION (OPERANT)

Back 15

respond to stimuli similiar to ones present when you got reinforcement

Front 16

STIMULUS GENERALIZATION

Back 16

tendancy to respond to things similar to CS

Front 17

SHORT-TERM MEMORY/ WORKING MEMORY

Back 17

hold small amt. of info. for brief period - stored by sound - mental scratch pad - sensitive to interruption

Front 18

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

Back 18

produces no response naturally

Front 19

SHAPING

Back 19

reinforce desired approximations of response (shape response)

Front 20

PAVLOV

Back 20

Physiologist who discovered classical conditioning - studied saliva of dog during digestion

Front 21

FIXED RATIO (PARTIAL)

Back 21

reinforcement occurs after set # of responses - fastest responding

Front 22

CONDITIONED RESPONSE

Back 22

learned response elicited by a CS

Front 23

NEGATIVE ATTENTION SEEKING

Back 23

innappropriately use reinforcement & extinction

Front 24

STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION

Back 24

give CR only for CS

Front 25

FEEDBACK

Back 25

info. on affect of bx

Front 26

VICARIOUS CONDITIONING

Back 26

learn CR from others

Front 27

VARIABLE RATIO (PARTIAL)

Back 27

reinforcement after variable # of responses {slot machines}

Front 28

ANTECEDENTS

Back 28

events that happen before a response

Front 29

PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT

Back 29

not every correct response gets reinforced - more resistance to extinction

Front 30

OPERANT REINFORCER

Back 30

anything that follows a response is likely to increase response

Front 31

RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION

Back 31

person continues response even after reinforcement is stopped (resists)

Front 32

TASTE AVERSION

Back 32

avoid b/c of past experience

Front 33

SECONDARY OPERANT REINFORCER

Back 33

nothing biologically significant about reinforcer but can still be highly reinforcing (money)

Front 34

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Back 34

type of learning that is contentgent upon what happens b/f a response

Front 35

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

Back 35

increases likelihood for response by providing something desirable

Front 36

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Back 36

bx guided from what happened before - automatic - Pavlov's experiement

Front 37

RECODING

Back 37

info. chunks are made up of bits grouped in larger units

Front 38

CONSEQUENCES

Back 38

events that happen after a response

Front 39

CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT

Back 39

every response gets reinforced - extinction occurs quickly when stopped

Front 40

DESENSITIZATION

Back 40

(therapy) expose person to gradations of feared object (steps to overcome fear)

Front 41

DISCRIMINATION (OPERANT)

Back 41

use context clues to know if u will receive reinforcement

Front 42

SKINNER BOX/ CONDITIONING CHAMBER

Back 42

(Operant) 1. motivated rat 2. rat receives food when hits lever 3. once realizes, he starts hitting lever more

Front 43

OPERANT EXTINCTION

Back 43

weakening of response b/c no longer reinforced

Front 44

RESPONSE

Back 44

any identifiable bx - can be covert or overt

Front 45

ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL

Back 45

more efficient - enhance meaning of info.

Front 46

EXTINCTION

Back 46

lack of US when CS is present

Front 47

ESCAPE LEARNING

Back 47

(neg RF) punishment teaches escape learning

Front 48

LEARNING

Back 48

relatively permenant change in bx or knowledge due to experience

Front 49

DUAL MEMORY

Back 49

combine STM and LTM

Front 50

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

Back 50

stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response

Front 51

VARIABLES AFFECTING PUNISHMENT

Back 51

1. Immediacy
2. Consistency
3. Sufficiently Intense (degree of punishment)

Front 52

CONDITIONED STIMULUS

Back 52

stimulus that evokes a response b/c it has been repeatedly paired w/ an US

Front 53

MILLER

Back 53

stated that 5-9 things are working in head at one time

Front 54

OPERANT CONDITIONING/
INSTRUMENTAL

Back 54

(B.F. Skinner) bx is guided by consequences (voluntary)

Front 55

REHEARSAL

Back 55

repetition forces into LTM

Front 56

CONTINUOUS (CLASSICAL)

Back 56

2 things close in time

Front 57

ALBERT BANDURA

Back 57

"Bo-bo Doll Experiment" - kids repeated what they saw

Front 58

SUPERSTITIOUS BX

Back 58

repeats exact bx that caused reinforcement

Front 59

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

Back 59

applying an aversive (neg) stimulus to decrease bx {spanking}

Front 60

THORNDIKE'S LAW OF EFFECT

Back 60

bx that is reinforced is more likely to happen again

Front 61

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

Back 61

focus on selected portion of sensory input (tune in & out)

Front 62

ELIZABETH LOFTUS

Back 62

psychologist; researced reconstructive memory= constructive processing; leading questions influence judgement of facts

Front 63

FIXED INTERVAL (PARTIAL)

Back 63

reinforcement given for correct response only after certain amt. of time

Front 64

RECOVERED MEMORIES

Back 64

bring back memories from childhood; false memories can occur

Front 65

VARIABLE INTERVAL (PARTIAL)

Back 65

reinforcement given after varied period of time - most likely to cause extinction

Front 66

RETRO ACTIVE

Back 66

new learning interferes w/ old learning

Front 67

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Back 67

increases likelihood of response by taking away something undesirable

Front 68

PROACTIVE

Back 68

old learning interferes w/ new learning

Front 69

AVOIDANCE LEARNING

Back 69

make response to postpone or prevent something aversively {lying}

Front 70

MILLER'S MAGIC #

Back 70

7+-2

Front 71

LONG TERM MEMORY

Back 71

lasting storehouse for meaningful info. - limitless - based on meaning

Front 72

PRIMARY

Back 72

remembering first items of a list converted to LTM

Front 73

MEMORY

Back 73

active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers info.

Front 74

CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESSING

Back 74

gaps in memory may be filled in by logic, guessing, or new info.; personal

Front 75

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

Back 75

"Response Cost" - take away something pleasant

Front 76

RECENCY

Back 76

items at the end of the list b/c they are recent and still in STM

Front 77

REDINTERGRATIVE MEMORIES

Back 77

memories that flow from one another.

Front 78

SPACED PRACTICE

Back 78

better to study in blocks; take breaks

Front 79

PROCEDURAL

Back 79

memory based on skills or procedures

Front 80

WHOLE LEARNING

Back 80

study everything at once

Front 81

TIP-OF-TONGUE

Back 81

feel like you know answer but not right away

Front 82

PART LEARNING

Back 82

study a section at a time

Front 83

LOFTUS & PALMER

Back 83

filmed car accident; phrased diff. wording of a ?; people changed answers

Front 84

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

Back 84

tendency to remember the first and last words of a list

Front 85

PSEUDOMEMORIES

Back 85

"false memories"

Front 86

IMPROVE MEMORY

Back 86

knowledge of results, recitation, rehearsal, selection, organization, "whole v/s part learning", "serial position effect", memory cues, over learning, "spaced & mass practice", sleep, eat, extended time, review, strategies

Front 87

EPISODIC

Back 87

autobiographical= based on you life- more likely to be forgotten

Front 88

PROGRESSIVE PART METHOD

Back 88

study section 1 then continue adding a section to 1st

Front 89

3 TYPES OF LTM

Back 89

semantic
episodic
procedural

Front 90

SUPPRESSION

Back 90

conscious; active effort to keep out of mind

Front 91

NETWORK MODEL

Back 91

things closely related to the topic are easier to respond to

Front 92

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

Back 92

spend extra time on middle sections; they are most likely to be forgotten

Front 93

SEMANITC

Back 93

encyclopedia or dictionary in your head-durable and constant

Front 94

FLASHBULB MEMORIES

Back 94

highly vivid; formed from something emotional

Front 95

RECALL

Back 95

produce facts or info all on your own

Front 96

RECOGNITION

Back 96

(multiple choice)
-recognize answer
-superior to recall

Front 97

REPRESSION

Back 97

unconscious; motivated forgetting

Front 98

PROACTIVE LEARNING

Back 98

interference in learning

Front 99

MASS PRACTICE

Back 99

cram

Front 100

DISTRACTORS

Back 100

false items are included

Front 101

MNEMONIC STRATEGIES

Back 101

make unusual hints; use mental pics; make things meaningful; makes info. familiar

Front 102

ROTE LEARNING

Back 102

repeating things; maintenance learning; no thought involved

Front 103

POSITIVE TRANSFER OF TRAINING

Back 103

task learned in one area helps in another

Front 104

2 TYPES OF TRANSFER OF TRAINING

Back 104

positive
negative

Front 105

NEGATIVE TRANSFER OF TRAINING

Back 105

training in 1 area will conflict w/ next