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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
My-side Bias
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tendency to pay attention to evidence & arguments that support one's existing beliefs
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Split-Half
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scores on 1/2 test match scores on other 1/2
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Developmental Psy
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conception till death
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Graphology
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handwriting
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Parascience
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system that resembles science but is not truly scientific
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"The Bell Curve"
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1994 - Hurnstein & Murry;
"Blacks score 15 pts. below average due to generic heritage" |
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Empericism
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scientific/collect data
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Phrenology
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feels shape of skull
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Control group
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group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the ind. var.
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Reliability
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achieve nearly same score on same test
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Cognitive
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thinking, language, problem solving
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Counseling Psy.
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treat milder emotional problems & Bx disturbances
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Endorphins
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class of chemicals produced by pituitary gland that are similar in structure & pain-killing effect to opiate drugs such as morphine
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Dove
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made test of black slang words
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Biophsychology
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biological processes- nervous system- brain, physiology, genetics
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Psychiatrist
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med. dr. who treats mental disorders
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Meta-analysis
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statistical technique for combining the results of many studies on same subject
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Test-retest
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test again (week later)
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Personality
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"Big Five"
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Astrology
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birthday & postitions of stars & planets
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repression
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unconscious process by which memories, thoughts or impulses are held out of awareness
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Psychometrics
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mental measurement or testing, such as personality & intelligence testing
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SQ4R
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Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Relate, Review
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falsifiable
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defines in a way that it's poss. to prove wrong
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Determinism
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doctrine that all Bx has prior causes that would completely explain one's choices and actions if all such causes were known
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Terman
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made Binet's intelligence scale useful in America - "Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition" (Binet-4)
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Comparative
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using different species
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Experimenter Effect
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experimenter influences subject's Bx
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Gestalt Psy
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study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts
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Philosophy
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formal study of knowledge, reality, & human nature
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Psy's goals
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1. describe 2. understand
3. predict 4. control |
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Jane Goodall
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notices chimp uses grass as tool
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Anthropomorphic Fallacy
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error of attributing human thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals
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Criterion Validity
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compare score to actual performance
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Overt Bx
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observable
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Barnum Effect
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"a little something for everybody"
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Frame of Reference
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mental or emotional perspective used for judging & evaluating events
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Tryon
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study intelligence in animals
-maze bright & maze dull rats -did not prove |
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Structuralism
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1. What?
2. description 3. problem-> peeps diff.& disagree |
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Clinical Psy.
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research & treat mental/emotional problems
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Expermimental group
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group of subjects exposed to ind. variable or experimental condition
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Wechsler
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defined Intelligence = global capacity to act purposely, think rationally, & deal w/ envirn. (get through life easily)
1. Adult-Intelligence Scale = WAIS III 2. Intelligence Scale for Children = WISC III |
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Sensation and Perception
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using senses
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Palmistry
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look at lines on hand
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stimulus
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physical energy that has some effect on an organism & evokes a response
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Males better at
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math, spacial skills
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Titchener
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Structuralism
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Naturalistic Observation
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study subjects in natural setting
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Scientific Observation
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answer questions
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Aptitude
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capacity for learning certain abilities
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Covert Bx
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"covered"
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Correlational Studies
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relationship b/w 2 things
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Wundt
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1. conscience experience
2. introspection 3. Experimental Self-Observation |
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IQ=
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MA/CA X 100
MA = mental age CA = chronoligical age |
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Functionalism
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1. adaptation
2. mind functions to adapt to environ. 3. natural selection from Darwin 4. adaptive Bx |
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Single-Blind
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blind subject
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Research Method
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systematic science
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Validity
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ability of a test to measure what it claims to measure (scores consistent & highly correlated)
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Watson
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Behaviorism
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Survey Method
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give group carefully worded questions
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"Father of Psy"
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Wundt
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Phenylketonuria
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lacks enzyme
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Behaviorism
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1. overt Bx
2. relationship b/w stimuli & Bx 3. ideas on Pavlov = condition responses |
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Humanistic
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1. pos. aspects
2. Subjective Human Experience = "free will" 3. Self-Image = perceive urself 4. Self-Actualization = developing ur potential |
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James
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Functionalism
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Equivalent-forms
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2 versions of a test
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Psychology
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Study of mind and Bx
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Scientific Method
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1. observe
2. define 3. hypothesis 4. evidence/test 5. publish results 6. propose theory |
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Familial
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retardation runs in families but not genetic
(nutrition, emotional support, medical care) |
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Psychoanalyst
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"Freudian therapy"
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Binet
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France - made 1st test on intelligence
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Observer Bias
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experimenter looks for & records specific details
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1st group test
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Army Alpha - find military officers for WWI
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uncritical acceptance
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believe pos. things
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Multiple Aptitude Test
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measures 2 or more abilities
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Cultural Relativity
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judge Bx accroding to culture
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eugenics movement
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(Binet-4 started) encourage or discourage peeps to reproduce
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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act in ways that fulfill label
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Special Aptitude Test
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used for specific areas
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Clinical Method
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case study on 1 subject
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Fragil-X
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2nd most common; males; hereditary; mild at birth - profound at adulthood
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Psychoanalytic
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Bx influenced by unconscious thoughts
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standardization
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1. instructions 4 test
2. norms 4 test |
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Field Experiments
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regular life happens "natural"
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<70
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mental retardation
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Double-Blind
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blind experimenter and subject
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Microcephaly
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small brain
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Observational Record
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formal log of Bx (videotape)
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Down Syndrome
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most common; short life; xtra 21st chromosome; father's sperm at fault 25%
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Rogers & Maslow
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Humanistic
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>130
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gifted
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Eclectic Psychologists
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"pick and choose"
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Severely Retardation
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IQ 25-40; 4%
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Skinner
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Radical Behaviorist
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Profoundly Retarded
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IQ 0-25; 1%
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5 Maj. Perspectives Influencing Psychological Thought
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1. psychodynamic
2. behaviorism 3. humanism 4. biopsychological 5. cognitive |
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Terminal Decline
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drop in IQ of elderly before their death
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Freud
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Psychoanalytic
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Mildly Retarded
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IQ 55-70; 85%
-potential to live normal lives |
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fallacy of pos. instances
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look for things that confrim expectations
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Cretanism
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insufficient supply of thryoid hormone
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Biopsychological
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explain Bx due to physical things (brain, heredity)
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Femals better at
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memorization, vocal skills, vocabulary
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Operational Def.
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precise procedure to define concept
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Moderate Retardation
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IQ 40-55; 10%
-self-help skills |
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Observer Effect
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change in subject's Bx from being observed
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Hydrocephaly
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water on brain; build up of cerebrospinal fluid
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Placebo Effect
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changes occur due to peep's expectations
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