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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Christine has just been diagnosed with major depression. Which of the following drugs will her doctor most likely prescribe in order to treat her?
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Zoloft
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A stroke that destroys the medulla is most likely to result in which of the following?
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Death
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A statement of what you think should happen in your experiment best defines a(n)
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hypothesis
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Which of the following questions cannot be answered by means of currently available empirical techniques?
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Are people naturally good or evil?
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Which is the part of a neuron responsible for sending information?
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the axon
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Which of the following are characteristics of the scientific process?
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1. Systematic Empiricism
2. The Examination of Solvable Problems 3. The Production of Public Knowledge |
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Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
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Mode, Mean, and Median
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If, after calculating an inferential statistic, we find that the results of our study are NOT statistically significant, we can reasonably conclude that?
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Our results may have been due simply to chance
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Professor Lee wants to examine the effects of two different teaching methods on student performance. She uses the first method of teaching in her 1st-year introductory course and the second method in her 2nd-year advanced course. She finds that student performances are better in the advanced class than in the introductory class. She concludes that the second teaching method is superior. What is the problem with her conclusion?
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There is a confounding of students' year in school with teaching methods
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Adderall and Ritalin work in a similar manner to which of the following drugs?
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cocaine
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You are a Psychologist who is interested in finding out if a person's peer group largely influences his/her likelihood to play drinking games in college. Which area of psychology is most likely to be your area of expertise?
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Social Psychology
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a good theory?
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1. Supported by experimental research
2 Refuted by experimental research 3. Falsified 4. Revised |
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The research finding showing that global warming has increased as the number of pirates in the world has decreased best exemplifies?
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a spurious correlation
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A researcher is measuring the length of time different couples were engaged before getting married and their reported level of happiness with their marriage. In order to determine whether these two variables are related, he or she will carry out a(n) ______ study.
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correlational
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Dr. Galea is interested in how parental support affects performance by goalies in a hockey games over the course of a season? He decides to measure support as the number of games attended by each goalie's parent. In doing so, he has?
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operationally defined support
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Dr. Zukov is studying the effects of alcohol on manual dexterity. Group A is given 250 milliliters of an alcoholic beverage to drink, Group B is given 500 milliliters of the same beverage to drink, Group C is given 750 of this beverage to drink, and Group D is given a placebo to drink. Which group is the control group?
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Group D
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In the scene in The Wedding Crashers where Owen Wilson claims that "Shlomo" had a scuba diving accident, Vince Vaughn reaches for a business card but only grabs at air. This behavior suggests that the "scuba accident" likely damaged his _____.
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cerebellum
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The major purpose of descriptive statistics is to?
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summarize and organize data
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Dr. Brown is interested in how drinking alcohol during adolescence affects someone's quality of life when he or she is an adult. Dr. Brown would be best described as a(n)?
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developmental psychologist
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After smoking marijuana, Katelyn starts to feel very hungry. This feeling of hunger is most likely due to the activation of which neurochemical system?
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endogenous cannabinoids
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The principle that theories must be stated in a way that predictions derived from them could potentially be shown to be incorrect best exemplifies?
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falsifiability
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Which of the following best defines a theory?
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a set of concepts used to explain observations and make predictions about future occurences
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Botox is a procedure in which patients are injected with a toxin that is an antagonist of _________.
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acetylcholine
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During the action potential?
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the inside of the neuron becomes positively charged
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Dr. Kettle wants to know if the type of lighting (fluorescent or incandescent) under which participants read affects the number of pages of text that they can read in one hour. The dependent variable in this experiment is?
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the number of pages of text read in one hour
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Cocaine is an agonist that blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
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Dopamine
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Psychology is defined as?
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the scientific study of behavior
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You hear the song "Gives You Hell" by the All American Rejects on the radio. The part of your brain that tells you that this song is "Gives You Hell" is ________.
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the auditory association cortex
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The idea that people are helped by the fact that they think they are receiving some type of treatment is known as?
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the placebo effect
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Amber decides to use the drug ecstasy while at the club. What drug can she take after she uses ecstasy in order to protect herself from ecstasy's neurotoxic effects?
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Prozac
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Dr. McGlynn is conducting a study on the influence of exercise on reaction time. He allows subjects to exercise strenuously for either 0,10, or 20 minutes. Next, subjects are seated at a table containing a red push button and a yellow light. Each subject is asked to push the button as soon as he or she sees the light flash. Dr. McGlynn measures the time it takes each subject to push the button after the light is lit. What is the independent variable in this study?
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the amount of time spent exercising
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Dr. Critchfield is a psychologist who studies the similarities and differences among different societies in terms of how infants and children are raised. Dr. Critchfield's area of research is most likely _____ psychology.
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cross-cultural
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Restructuring the world in order to rule out alternative explanations is best defined as?
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manipulation
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What is the median of the following set of numbers: 13, 19, 27, 12, 29, 18, 55?
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19
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Why is Freud's psychoanalytic theory of behavior considered to be a poor theory?
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1. It cannot be falsified
2. It does not make predictions 3. It explains behavior after the fact 4. It is not a testable theory |
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Dr. Valdez' research focuses on addiction and how drugs affect the brain and nervous system. His area of research is most likely to be?
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physiological psychology
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After taking a few shots of tequila at a party, Kristen develops feelings of erotic lustfulness and gets the urge to play all night rounds of Strip Poker and Naked Twister. These feelings and urges are likely due to the activation of which neurotransmitter system?
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GABA
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Which part of the brain receives sensory information regarding touch?
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the primary somatosensory cortex
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In the movie 50 First Dates, Drew Barrymore can't remember who Adam Sandler is after meeting him but remembers her life before the car accident. What part of her brain is most likely to be damaged?
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the hippocampus
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The chief functions of the frontal lobe involve?
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moving and planning
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Dr. Estavez is about to conduct a study in which he will present several different lists of words to participants to memorize. Some lists are long and some are short. Dr. Estavez plans to present all the short lists before presenting the long lists. Worried that the order in which the lists are presented may affect the outcome of the study, you advise Dr. Estavez to?
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counterbalance the presentation of the lists
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebral cortex?
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the production of a reflex
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People who spend a lot of time on facebook tend to keep to themselves more and spend less time socializing with others in person. Assuming that they are less socially adept because they spend more time on facebook best demonstrates which of the following?
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The Directionality Problem
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If a researcher uses a careful matching procedure in correlational research, why should we still not draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relations between variables?
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A third variable influencing the relationship may have been missed
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Which of the following is a characteristic of an experimental study?
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1. Manipulation
2. Comparison 3. Control |
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Systematic empiricism is best defined as?
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structured observation
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Dr. Chen is conducting a study at a restaurant on the effects of touch on positive responses. She arranged for servers to touch their customers on the arm 0,2, or 4 times during the course of a meal. She then measured the amount of tips given to servers by their customer. The control group in this study was?
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not touched
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The idea that the left cerebral hemisphere is the logical part of the brain and that the right cerebral hemisphere is the emotional part of the brain best describes which of the following concepts?
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Lateralization of Function
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Which of the following is NOT a testable hypothesis regarding how David Blaine performed his magic trick with Tyra Banks on the video shown in class?
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David Blaine was possessed by a demon
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A neuron is made up of which of the following parts?
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1. Dendrite
2. Soma 3. Axon |
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Identifying a stimulus based on its individual features is known as?
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bottom-up processing
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After coming home late from a party, Valerie takes the car away from Ashley and Breanna for the next month. As a result, they stop breaking curfew. This scenario best exemplifies?
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negative punishment
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Jamie constantly leaves her door open when she leaves her office. One of her co-workers realizes this and starts stealing her iced tea cup as a joke. As a result, Jamie stops leaving her door open when she leaves. This best demonstrates?
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negative punishment
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Kristen decides to go to New Orleans for Mardi Gras. While she is down there, every time she flashes someone, she gets beads. This is an example of?
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continuous reinforcement
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Drugs or other substances that can cause birth defects are known as?
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teratogens
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Jason decides to buy a drink for a girl he sees sitting at the bar. They talk for a bit and then she gives him her phone number. In this situation, what is acting as a reinforcer to Jason?
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the girl's phone number
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The Gestalt law of similarity states that?
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elements with a similar appearance will be perceived as part of the same object
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The Physiological Psychology class becomes frightened and nervous when Professor Valdez brings cookies to class. This reaction is due to the fact that the class sessions in which he previously brought cookies were exceptionally difficult. The fact that they are able to elicit a fear response means that the cookies are acting as a(n)?
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conditioned stimulus
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Barbara is very comfortable with her choice to call herself a conservative even though she has never explored any alternative political viewpoints. With regard to identity status, she would be considered to have reached?
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Identity Foreclosure
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Rachel is constantly nagging Todd to take out the trash. He then begins to take out the trash more frequently in order to prevent Rachel from nagging him. Todd's behavior is an example of?
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negative reinforcement
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An individual's private sense of masculinity or femininity is called?
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gender identity
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Hildegard is a woman in her 90's who is at a point where she wonders if she led a meaningful life. According to Erikson, she is experiencing which of the following stages of socioemotional development?
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integrity vs. despair
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A major difference between authoritative and authoritarian parents is that only authoritative parents?
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explain the rules to their children
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The fact that most people did not see the person in the gorilla suit walk into the picture when they were counting the number of passes made by the white team demonstrates that?
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attention plays a key role in our perceptual experiences
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When placed in the Strange Situation, Shawn becomes a bit distressed when his mother leaves, but calms down as soon as she returns. Shawn appears to be a(n) _______ attached infant.
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securely
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Susan's boyfriend brings her a little gift when she offers to cook dinner for him. As a result, she starts offering to cook dinner more often. This is an example of?
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positive reinforcement
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The ability of a child to mentally operate on abstract concepts best characterizes which of the following stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
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Formal Operations Stage
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Which of the following stages are part of the process of prenatal development?
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1. Germinal Stage
2. Embryonic Stage 3. Fetal Stage |
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Katelyn slaps Greg when he accidentally calls her by an ex-girlfriend's name. Greg quickly learns to never do that again. This best demonstrates?
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positive punishment
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When you see people walking towards you on campus, you don't think that they are growing even though they appear larger than when they were farther away. Which principle of perception does this demonstrate?
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Size constancy
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You are walking around the room looking out the window from different angles. Despite the different orientations of the window as you view it, you still perceive it as a square. This is an example of the principles of?
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shape constancy
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Sharon is a woman in her 30's who is struggling with forming meaningful relationships with others. According to Erikson, she is experiencing which of the following stages of socioemotional development?
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intimacy vs. isolation
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Throwing candy bars at students for raising their hand in class is an example of?
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positive reinforcement
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Wild animals often "freeze" their positions when they are startled. That is, they do not move. Freezing often makes these animals very difficult to see, a strategy that has confounded many a hunter. This behavior is most closely related to the Gestalt law of?
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common fate
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Chris walks away from a vending machine if he puts money in but doesn't get his drink. However, he continues to put money in a slot machine even though he doesn't win after every try. Which behavioral principle does this example demonstrate?
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behavior that is reinforced using variable reinforcement schedules is more difficult to extinguish
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Shannon catches Brad surfing for porn on the Internet. She then disconnects his computer so that he can no longer look up porn. This best demonstrates?
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negative punishment
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From a distance, a rocky beach doesn't appear all that rocky. Instead, it appears smooth, all of the rocks appear to blend in with each other. However, as you get closer and closer to the beach, you can see that it is made up of many rocks with distinct shapes and sizes. The cue to depth that this example describes is?
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texture
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According to Piaget, a(n) ______ is a mental framework for organizing information about a person, place, or thing.
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schema
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In the Little Albert experiment, the white rat did not elicit any type of response in Albert in the before conditioning phase. At this point, the rat would be classified as a(n)?
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neutral stimulus
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Dr. Liu is conducting an experiment where two groups are asked to identify an identical stimulus. Group A identifies the stimulus as the letter "B" because it was placed between an A and a C. Group B identifies the stimulus as the number "13" because it was placed between a 12 and a 14. These two groups identified the stimulus by using which type of processing?
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top-down processing
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The case study of Genie demonstrates which of the following?
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A critical period for grammar acquisition exists during childhood
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Adam cries because he thinks that the ball has disappeared after his mom puts it behind her back. This specific example demonstrates that he has yet to master?
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object permanence
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As we get older, our problem solving abilities appear to decline but our wisdom due to life experiences is enhanced. This is a demonstration of which of the following?
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Fluid intelligence decreases whereas crystallized intelligence increases as we age
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Jeannie pours the same amount of apple juice into two glasses. However, one of the glasses is taller and skinnier than the other. Nicholas and Joseph both want the taller glass because they think it contains more juice. This is because they have yet to master the concept of?
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conservation
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Scooter wears an electric shock collar to prevent him from barking. The collar shocks Scooter every time he barks. This situation demonstrates the principle of?
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positive punishment
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After watching her mom talk on the phone, Talia picks up her toy phone and pretends to talk to someone. This is an example of?
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observational learning
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Ethan said, "I goed to school." This statement is an example of?
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Overregularization
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The Gestalt law of closure explains which of the following visual phenomena?
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Illusory Contours
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Whenever Talia sees her dog, the neighbor's cat and the llama on the farm, she calls them all "dogs." This is an example of?
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overextension
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Watching the fuse of a firecracker being lit causes Amber to flinch even before the firecracker explodes in a loud bang. Her behavior in the situation is similar to that of Pavlov's dogs in that?
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It is also an example of classical conditioning
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Olivia is playing hide-and-go-seek with her uncle. When it is her turn to hide, she goes into the corner, turns her back and closes her eyes, believing that now her uncle cannot see her. She is demonstrating?
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egocentricism
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Emily parties a lot while she is as college but does not party when she is at her parents' house. College and her parents' house are acting as?
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discriminative stimuli
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Research has shown that children do better at problem solving if they practice solving problems with their parents or with more experienced children. These findings constitute evidence for Vygotsky's notion of the zone of ________ development.
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proximal
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Unable to get the bananas hanging from the ceiling by jumping to reach them, Sultan the chimpanzee suddenly decides to stack the wooden crates in the room in order to get the bananas. This is an example of?
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Insight learning
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The ability of a child to mentally represent information but not mentally manipulate this information best characterizes which of the following stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
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Preoperational Stage
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In the example we covered in class, a woman had sex with her husband every time her son watched Barney and then later became aroused whenever she saw Barney. What is her conditioned response?
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arousal in response to Barney
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Jenni is not doing so well in her Research Methods class. She starts to flirt with the professor and ends up getting an A even though her average in the class was lower. From then on, she tended to flirt more with her professors. This is an example of?
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positive reinforcement
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Lacey gets pulled over for speeding and as the cop is writing her a ticket, she starts to cry. The cop then decides to let her off with a warning instead of giving her a ticket. As a result, she decides that if she ever gets pulled over again, she will start crying. This situation is an example of?
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negative reinforcement
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The cat used to start to purr whenever your family were setting the table for their meal. But since your family decided that you would not give the cat any treats from the table, she has stopped purring. This is an example of?
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extinction
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The detection of specific properties of a stimulus is called?
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sensation
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Jamie's heart starts racing and her breathing quickens when she notices that her iced tea cup is once again missing. She then interprets these physiological changes as feelings of anger. This situation best exemplifies which of the following theories of emotion?
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James-Lange
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Tara is a woman of very few respectable morals. Interestingly, she spends a good deal of time accusing her husband Phil of being "morally bankrupt." Which defense mechanism does Katelyn's behavior best demonstrate?
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projection
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In their experiment Schacter and Singer found that?
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the actions of the confederate determined the type of emotion felt by the subject
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Amber blacks out from having too much to drink. Her inability to remember anything that happened the night before best exemplifies?
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retrograde amnesia
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Katelyn has severe anger issues. She decides to sign up for tae kwon do classes as an outlet for her anger. Which of the following defense mechanisms does her decision demonstrate?
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sublimation
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Approximately 48% of women who produce more testosterone than normal report themselves to be either homosexual or bisexual. Which of the following explanations for how sexual orientation is determined does this finding best support?
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sexual orientation is influenced by both biological and environmental factors
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The results of the Clark and Hatfield experiment regarding gender differences in sexual motivation suggest that?
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men are more likely than women to have sex for reasons related to enhancing their own feelings
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The tendency of people to search for evidence that supports their beliefs and arguments rather than to search for evidence that negates their beliefs and arguments is called?
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confirmation bias
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Lance Armstrong's ability to ride a bike would be considered a(n)?
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implicit memory
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The terms "pro-life" and "pro-choice" have positive connotations and indirectly imply negative connotations about their opposition. The fact that these groups label themselves in this manner is an example of?
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framing
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Approximately how many items can be stored in your short-term memory?
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7
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Which of the following is/are part of the typical emotional response pattern?
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Behavioral response, endocrine response, and autonomic response
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Which of the following is not a component of long-term memory?
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visuospatial sketch pad
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Which of the following is the personality structure that represents moral ideals?
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superego
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The theory that physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously but independent of one another best characterizes which of the following theories of emotion?
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Cannon-Bard
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The brain structure that appears to be damaged in patients with anterograde amnesia is the?
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hippocampus
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The ___ is the personality structure that represents the reality principle.
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ego
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Freud would conclude that Amy's smoking habit is due to her fixation in which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
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oral
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Employers tend to remember the first and last candidates they interview for a job more vividly than those in the middle. This is most likely due to?
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both primacy and recency effects
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Which of the following could you use to describe football in terms of formal concepts?
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1. Goal is to score more points than the other team
2. Played by two teams 3. Teams have offensive and defensive players 4. Played on a field |
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Inferring general principles from specific facts best describes?
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inductive reasoning
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Given the following choices, which of the items below is the best example of a basic level concept?
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beer
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Remembering where you went on your first date is an example of?
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episodic memory
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Students are often frightened when I say that we were having a pop quiz in class. It is unlikely, however, that these same students would be frightened if I told them to take a pop quiz after randomly seeing them in Kirkof. This situation best supports which of the following theories of emotion?
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Cognitive
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According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following comprise(s) a person's psyche?
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Ego, Superego, and Id
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Deductive reasoning is best described as?
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inferring a specific instance from a general rule
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An enduring personal characteristic that underlies a person's reactions to a variety of situations best defines?
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a trait
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According to Freud, the Oedipus complex or the Electra complex represent the major conflict present during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
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phallic
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In the example given in class of Linda, people thought she was more likely to be a bank teller involved in the feminist movement than simply a bank teller, even though simple probability would suggest the opposite. What type of cognitive bias does this demonstrate?
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representativeness heuristic
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Elsie decides to call the university bookstore in order to find out if they have a textbook rather than calling every bookstore in the Yahoo Yellow Pages because she thinks that the university bookstore is most likely to have it. In doing so, she is solving her problem by using a(n)?
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heuristic
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Emily has an overly neat, meticulous and controlling personality. According to Freud, in which of the following stages of psychosexual development is she fixated?
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anal
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The form of memory that initially takes a snapshot of our environment is called _______ memory.
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sensory
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The idea that we are motivated toward particular goals in anticipation of reinforcement best describes which of the following theories of motivation?
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incentives and rewards theory
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Todd accidentally calls his wife Rachel by his ex-girlfriend's name. This is an example of?
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proactive interference
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Kristen had a really bad day at work. In order to forget about her bad day, she decides to go to a bar, meets a complete stranger and then invites him back to her apartment. Kristen's motivation for having sex in this situation is most likely related to the reasons of?
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enhancing her own feelings and escaping negative emotions
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The term personality refers to?
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a particular pattern of thinking and behaving that prevails across time and situations, differentiating one person from another
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A bicycle has 2 wheels is an example of what type of memory?
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semantic memory
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Which of the following is a natural concept used to describe a dog?
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Labrador Retriever
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After meeting Susan, you develop an impression of her as a very sweet, happy and easy going person. Because, she is an art teacher, you conclude that all art teachers must be sweet, happy and easy going. Your conclusion best exemplifies?
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inductive reasoning
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If you were a situationist, you would be most likely to explain the talkativeness of your teacher as due to?
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the fact that she is teaching in a classroom
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The id operates according to the?
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pleasure principle
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The theory that our behavior is based on biologically innate feelings is known as?
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instinct theory
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In the candle problem, the fact that people often do not realize that they can just use the box that holds the tacks as a stand to mount the candle to the wall is an example of?
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functional fixedness
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Being a psychologist, Brad takes Shannon to an amusement park in the hopes that she will interpret her excitement from riding the roller coasters as attraction to him. Which of the following principles is Brad trying to use on this date?
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misattribution of arousal
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Stephanie and Gary both think that they do more than 50% of the housework. Given that the ability for both of them to do more than half of the housework is statistically impossible, they are displaying which of the following cognitive biases?
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availability heuristic
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A procedure that consists of a series of steps that will solve a specific problem if all steps are followed systematically is a(n)?
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algorithm
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Twin studies by Bailey and Pillard showed that concordance rates of homosexuality were?
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higher for identical twins
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Lacey's refusal to admit that she is a compulsive shopper best illustrates which of the following defense mechanisms?
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denial
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Most people will not show the same emotions in front of their boss that they would in front of their closest friends. This is due to?
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cultural display rules
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Emotionally charged memories are usually easier for people to remember. This is likely due to activation of which of the following regions of the brain?
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the amygdala
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