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150 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Christine has just been diagnosed with major depression. Which of the following drugs will her doctor most likely prescribe in order to treat her?
Zoloft
A stroke that destroys the medulla is most likely to result in which of the following?
Death
A statement of what you think should happen in your experiment best defines a(n)
hypothesis
Which of the following questions cannot be answered by means of currently available empirical techniques?
Are people naturally good or evil?
Which is the part of a neuron responsible for sending information?
the axon
Which of the following are characteristics of the scientific process?
1. Systematic Empiricism
2. The Examination of Solvable Problems
3. The Production of Public Knowledge
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Mode, Mean, and Median
If, after calculating an inferential statistic, we find that the results of our study are NOT statistically significant, we can reasonably conclude that?
Our results may have been due simply to chance
Professor Lee wants to examine the effects of two different teaching methods on student performance. She uses the first method of teaching in her 1st-year introductory course and the second method in her 2nd-year advanced course. She finds that student performances are better in the advanced class than in the introductory class. She concludes that the second teaching method is superior. What is the problem with her conclusion?
There is a confounding of students' year in school with teaching methods
Adderall and Ritalin work in a similar manner to which of the following drugs?
cocaine
You are a Psychologist who is interested in finding out if a person's peer group largely influences his/her likelihood to play drinking games in college. Which area of psychology is most likely to be your area of expertise?
Social Psychology
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good theory?
1. Supported by experimental research
2 Refuted by experimental research
3. Falsified
4. Revised
The research finding showing that global warming has increased as the number of pirates in the world has decreased best exemplifies?
a spurious correlation
A researcher is measuring the length of time different couples were engaged before getting married and their reported level of happiness with their marriage. In order to determine whether these two variables are related, he or she will carry out a(n) ______ study.
correlational
Dr. Galea is interested in how parental support affects performance by goalies in a hockey games over the course of a season? He decides to measure support as the number of games attended by each goalie's parent. In doing so, he has?
operationally defined support
Dr. Zukov is studying the effects of alcohol on manual dexterity. Group A is given 250 milliliters of an alcoholic beverage to drink, Group B is given 500 milliliters of the same beverage to drink, Group C is given 750 of this beverage to drink, and Group D is given a placebo to drink. Which group is the control group?
Group D
In the scene in The Wedding Crashers where Owen Wilson claims that "Shlomo" had a scuba diving accident, Vince Vaughn reaches for a business card but only grabs at air. This behavior suggests that the "scuba accident" likely damaged his _____.
cerebellum
The major purpose of descriptive statistics is to?
summarize and organize data
Dr. Brown is interested in how drinking alcohol during adolescence affects someone's quality of life when he or she is an adult. Dr. Brown would be best described as a(n)?
developmental psychologist
After smoking marijuana, Katelyn starts to feel very hungry. This feeling of hunger is most likely due to the activation of which neurochemical system?
endogenous cannabinoids
The principle that theories must be stated in a way that predictions derived from them could potentially be shown to be incorrect best exemplifies?
falsifiability
Which of the following best defines a theory?
a set of concepts used to explain observations and make predictions about future occurences
Botox is a procedure in which patients are injected with a toxin that is an antagonist of _________.
acetylcholine
During the action potential?
the inside of the neuron becomes positively charged
Dr. Kettle wants to know if the type of lighting (fluorescent or incandescent) under which participants read affects the number of pages of text that they can read in one hour. The dependent variable in this experiment is?
the number of pages of text read in one hour
Cocaine is an agonist that blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Psychology is defined as?
the scientific study of behavior
You hear the song "Gives You Hell" by the All American Rejects on the radio. The part of your brain that tells you that this song is "Gives You Hell" is ________.
the auditory association cortex
The idea that people are helped by the fact that they think they are receiving some type of treatment is known as?
the placebo effect
Amber decides to use the drug ecstasy while at the club. What drug can she take after she uses ecstasy in order to protect herself from ecstasy's neurotoxic effects?
Prozac
Dr. McGlynn is conducting a study on the influence of exercise on reaction time. He allows subjects to exercise strenuously for either 0,10, or 20 minutes. Next, subjects are seated at a table containing a red push button and a yellow light. Each subject is asked to push the button as soon as he or she sees the light flash. Dr. McGlynn measures the time it takes each subject to push the button after the light is lit. What is the independent variable in this study?
the amount of time spent exercising
Dr. Critchfield is a psychologist who studies the similarities and differences among different societies in terms of how infants and children are raised. Dr. Critchfield's area of research is most likely _____ psychology.
cross-cultural
Restructuring the world in order to rule out alternative explanations is best defined as?
manipulation
What is the median of the following set of numbers: 13, 19, 27, 12, 29, 18, 55?
19
Why is Freud's psychoanalytic theory of behavior considered to be a poor theory?
1. It cannot be falsified
2. It does not make predictions
3. It explains behavior after the fact
4. It is not a testable theory
Dr. Valdez' research focuses on addiction and how drugs affect the brain and nervous system. His area of research is most likely to be?
physiological psychology
After taking a few shots of tequila at a party, Kristen develops feelings of erotic lustfulness and gets the urge to play all night rounds of Strip Poker and Naked Twister. These feelings and urges are likely due to the activation of which neurotransmitter system?
GABA
Which part of the brain receives sensory information regarding touch?
the primary somatosensory cortex
In the movie 50 First Dates, Drew Barrymore can't remember who Adam Sandler is after meeting him but remembers her life before the car accident. What part of her brain is most likely to be damaged?
the hippocampus
The chief functions of the frontal lobe involve?
moving and planning
Dr. Estavez is about to conduct a study in which he will present several different lists of words to participants to memorize. Some lists are long and some are short. Dr. Estavez plans to present all the short lists before presenting the long lists. Worried that the order in which the lists are presented may affect the outcome of the study, you advise Dr. Estavez to?
counterbalance the presentation of the lists
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebral cortex?
the production of a reflex
People who spend a lot of time on facebook tend to keep to themselves more and spend less time socializing with others in person. Assuming that they are less socially adept because they spend more time on facebook best demonstrates which of the following?
The Directionality Problem
If a researcher uses a careful matching procedure in correlational research, why should we still not draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relations between variables?
A third variable influencing the relationship may have been missed
Which of the following is a characteristic of an experimental study?
1. Manipulation
2. Comparison
3. Control
Systematic empiricism is best defined as?
structured observation
Dr. Chen is conducting a study at a restaurant on the effects of touch on positive responses. She arranged for servers to touch their customers on the arm 0,2, or 4 times during the course of a meal. She then measured the amount of tips given to servers by their customer. The control group in this study was?
not touched
The idea that the left cerebral hemisphere is the logical part of the brain and that the right cerebral hemisphere is the emotional part of the brain best describes which of the following concepts?
Lateralization of Function
Which of the following is NOT a testable hypothesis regarding how David Blaine performed his magic trick with Tyra Banks on the video shown in class?
David Blaine was possessed by a demon
A neuron is made up of which of the following parts?
1. Dendrite
2. Soma
3. Axon
Identifying a stimulus based on its individual features is known as?
bottom-up processing
After coming home late from a party, Valerie takes the car away from Ashley and Breanna for the next month. As a result, they stop breaking curfew. This scenario best exemplifies?
negative punishment
Jamie constantly leaves her door open when she leaves her office. One of her co-workers realizes this and starts stealing her iced tea cup as a joke. As a result, Jamie stops leaving her door open when she leaves. This best demonstrates?
negative punishment
Kristen decides to go to New Orleans for Mardi Gras. While she is down there, every time she flashes someone, she gets beads. This is an example of?
continuous reinforcement
Drugs or other substances that can cause birth defects are known as?
teratogens
Jason decides to buy a drink for a girl he sees sitting at the bar. They talk for a bit and then she gives him her phone number. In this situation, what is acting as a reinforcer to Jason?
the girl's phone number
The Gestalt law of similarity states that?
elements with a similar appearance will be perceived as part of the same object
The Physiological Psychology class becomes frightened and nervous when Professor Valdez brings cookies to class. This reaction is due to the fact that the class sessions in which he previously brought cookies were exceptionally difficult. The fact that they are able to elicit a fear response means that the cookies are acting as a(n)?
conditioned stimulus
Barbara is very comfortable with her choice to call herself a conservative even though she has never explored any alternative political viewpoints. With regard to identity status, she would be considered to have reached?
Identity Foreclosure
Rachel is constantly nagging Todd to take out the trash. He then begins to take out the trash more frequently in order to prevent Rachel from nagging him. Todd's behavior is an example of?
negative reinforcement
An individual's private sense of masculinity or femininity is called?
gender identity
Hildegard is a woman in her 90's who is at a point where she wonders if she led a meaningful life. According to Erikson, she is experiencing which of the following stages of socioemotional development?
integrity vs. despair
A major difference between authoritative and authoritarian parents is that only authoritative parents?
explain the rules to their children
The fact that most people did not see the person in the gorilla suit walk into the picture when they were counting the number of passes made by the white team demonstrates that?
attention plays a key role in our perceptual experiences
When placed in the Strange Situation, Shawn becomes a bit distressed when his mother leaves, but calms down as soon as she returns. Shawn appears to be a(n) _______ attached infant.
securely
Susan's boyfriend brings her a little gift when she offers to cook dinner for him. As a result, she starts offering to cook dinner more often. This is an example of?
positive reinforcement
The ability of a child to mentally operate on abstract concepts best characterizes which of the following stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Formal Operations Stage
Which of the following stages are part of the process of prenatal development?
1. Germinal Stage
2. Embryonic Stage
3. Fetal Stage
Katelyn slaps Greg when he accidentally calls her by an ex-girlfriend's name. Greg quickly learns to never do that again. This best demonstrates?
positive punishment
When you see people walking towards you on campus, you don't think that they are growing even though they appear larger than when they were farther away. Which principle of perception does this demonstrate?
Size constancy
You are walking around the room looking out the window from different angles. Despite the different orientations of the window as you view it, you still perceive it as a square. This is an example of the principles of?
shape constancy
Sharon is a woman in her 30's who is struggling with forming meaningful relationships with others. According to Erikson, she is experiencing which of the following stages of socioemotional development?
intimacy vs. isolation
Throwing candy bars at students for raising their hand in class is an example of?
positive reinforcement
Wild animals often "freeze" their positions when they are startled. That is, they do not move. Freezing often makes these animals very difficult to see, a strategy that has confounded many a hunter. This behavior is most closely related to the Gestalt law of?
common fate
Chris walks away from a vending machine if he puts money in but doesn't get his drink. However, he continues to put money in a slot machine even though he doesn't win after every try. Which behavioral principle does this example demonstrate?
behavior that is reinforced using variable reinforcement schedules is more difficult to extinguish
Shannon catches Brad surfing for porn on the Internet. She then disconnects his computer so that he can no longer look up porn. This best demonstrates?
negative punishment
From a distance, a rocky beach doesn't appear all that rocky. Instead, it appears smooth, all of the rocks appear to blend in with each other. However, as you get closer and closer to the beach, you can see that it is made up of many rocks with distinct shapes and sizes. The cue to depth that this example describes is?
texture
According to Piaget, a(n) ______ is a mental framework for organizing information about a person, place, or thing.
schema
In the Little Albert experiment, the white rat did not elicit any type of response in Albert in the before conditioning phase. At this point, the rat would be classified as a(n)?
neutral stimulus
Dr. Liu is conducting an experiment where two groups are asked to identify an identical stimulus. Group A identifies the stimulus as the letter "B" because it was placed between an A and a C. Group B identifies the stimulus as the number "13" because it was placed between a 12 and a 14. These two groups identified the stimulus by using which type of processing?
top-down processing
The case study of Genie demonstrates which of the following?
A critical period for grammar acquisition exists during childhood
Adam cries because he thinks that the ball has disappeared after his mom puts it behind her back. This specific example demonstrates that he has yet to master?
object permanence
As we get older, our problem solving abilities appear to decline but our wisdom due to life experiences is enhanced. This is a demonstration of which of the following?
Fluid intelligence decreases whereas crystallized intelligence increases as we age
Jeannie pours the same amount of apple juice into two glasses. However, one of the glasses is taller and skinnier than the other. Nicholas and Joseph both want the taller glass because they think it contains more juice. This is because they have yet to master the concept of?
conservation
Scooter wears an electric shock collar to prevent him from barking. The collar shocks Scooter every time he barks. This situation demonstrates the principle of?
positive punishment
After watching her mom talk on the phone, Talia picks up her toy phone and pretends to talk to someone. This is an example of?
observational learning
Ethan said, "I goed to school." This statement is an example of?
Overregularization
The Gestalt law of closure explains which of the following visual phenomena?
Illusory Contours
Whenever Talia sees her dog, the neighbor's cat and the llama on the farm, she calls them all "dogs." This is an example of?
overextension
Watching the fuse of a firecracker being lit causes Amber to flinch even before the firecracker explodes in a loud bang. Her behavior in the situation is similar to that of Pavlov's dogs in that?
It is also an example of classical conditioning
Olivia is playing hide-and-go-seek with her uncle. When it is her turn to hide, she goes into the corner, turns her back and closes her eyes, believing that now her uncle cannot see her. She is demonstrating?
egocentricism
Emily parties a lot while she is as college but does not party when she is at her parents' house. College and her parents' house are acting as?
discriminative stimuli
Research has shown that children do better at problem solving if they practice solving problems with their parents or with more experienced children. These findings constitute evidence for Vygotsky's notion of the zone of ________ development.
proximal
Unable to get the bananas hanging from the ceiling by jumping to reach them, Sultan the chimpanzee suddenly decides to stack the wooden crates in the room in order to get the bananas. This is an example of?
Insight learning
The ability of a child to mentally represent information but not mentally manipulate this information best characterizes which of the following stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Preoperational Stage
In the example we covered in class, a woman had sex with her husband every time her son watched Barney and then later became aroused whenever she saw Barney. What is her conditioned response?
arousal in response to Barney
Jenni is not doing so well in her Research Methods class. She starts to flirt with the professor and ends up getting an A even though her average in the class was lower. From then on, she tended to flirt more with her professors. This is an example of?
positive reinforcement
Lacey gets pulled over for speeding and as the cop is writing her a ticket, she starts to cry. The cop then decides to let her off with a warning instead of giving her a ticket. As a result, she decides that if she ever gets pulled over again, she will start crying. This situation is an example of?
negative reinforcement
The cat used to start to purr whenever your family were setting the table for their meal. But since your family decided that you would not give the cat any treats from the table, she has stopped purring. This is an example of?
extinction
The detection of specific properties of a stimulus is called?
sensation
Jamie's heart starts racing and her breathing quickens when she notices that her iced tea cup is once again missing. She then interprets these physiological changes as feelings of anger. This situation best exemplifies which of the following theories of emotion?
James-Lange
Tara is a woman of very few respectable morals. Interestingly, she spends a good deal of time accusing her husband Phil of being "morally bankrupt." Which defense mechanism does Katelyn's behavior best demonstrate?
projection
In their experiment Schacter and Singer found that?
the actions of the confederate determined the type of emotion felt by the subject
Amber blacks out from having too much to drink. Her inability to remember anything that happened the night before best exemplifies?
retrograde amnesia
Katelyn has severe anger issues. She decides to sign up for tae kwon do classes as an outlet for her anger. Which of the following defense mechanisms does her decision demonstrate?
sublimation
Approximately 48% of women who produce more testosterone than normal report themselves to be either homosexual or bisexual. Which of the following explanations for how sexual orientation is determined does this finding best support?
sexual orientation is influenced by both biological and environmental factors
The results of the Clark and Hatfield experiment regarding gender differences in sexual motivation suggest that?
men are more likely than women to have sex for reasons related to enhancing their own feelings
The tendency of people to search for evidence that supports their beliefs and arguments rather than to search for evidence that negates their beliefs and arguments is called?
confirmation bias
Lance Armstrong's ability to ride a bike would be considered a(n)?
implicit memory
The terms "pro-life" and "pro-choice" have positive connotations and indirectly imply negative connotations about their opposition. The fact that these groups label themselves in this manner is an example of?
framing
Approximately how many items can be stored in your short-term memory?
7
Which of the following is/are part of the typical emotional response pattern?
Behavioral response, endocrine response, and autonomic response
Which of the following is not a component of long-term memory?
visuospatial sketch pad
Which of the following is the personality structure that represents moral ideals?
superego
The theory that physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously but independent of one another best characterizes which of the following theories of emotion?
Cannon-Bard
The brain structure that appears to be damaged in patients with anterograde amnesia is the?
hippocampus
The ___ is the personality structure that represents the reality principle.
ego
Freud would conclude that Amy's smoking habit is due to her fixation in which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
oral
Employers tend to remember the first and last candidates they interview for a job more vividly than those in the middle. This is most likely due to?
both primacy and recency effects
Which of the following could you use to describe football in terms of formal concepts?
1. Goal is to score more points than the other team
2. Played by two teams
3. Teams have offensive and defensive players
4. Played on a field
Inferring general principles from specific facts best describes?
inductive reasoning
Given the following choices, which of the items below is the best example of a basic level concept?
beer
Remembering where you went on your first date is an example of?
episodic memory
Students are often frightened when I say that we were having a pop quiz in class. It is unlikely, however, that these same students would be frightened if I told them to take a pop quiz after randomly seeing them in Kirkof. This situation best supports which of the following theories of emotion?
Cognitive
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following comprise(s) a person's psyche?
Ego, Superego, and Id
Deductive reasoning is best described as?
inferring a specific instance from a general rule
An enduring personal characteristic that underlies a person's reactions to a variety of situations best defines?
a trait
According to Freud, the Oedipus complex or the Electra complex represent the major conflict present during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
phallic
In the example given in class of Linda, people thought she was more likely to be a bank teller involved in the feminist movement than simply a bank teller, even though simple probability would suggest the opposite. What type of cognitive bias does this demonstrate?
representativeness heuristic
Elsie decides to call the university bookstore in order to find out if they have a textbook rather than calling every bookstore in the Yahoo Yellow Pages because she thinks that the university bookstore is most likely to have it. In doing so, she is solving her problem by using a(n)?
heuristic
Emily has an overly neat, meticulous and controlling personality. According to Freud, in which of the following stages of psychosexual development is she fixated?
anal
The form of memory that initially takes a snapshot of our environment is called _______ memory.
sensory
The idea that we are motivated toward particular goals in anticipation of reinforcement best describes which of the following theories of motivation?
incentives and rewards theory
Todd accidentally calls his wife Rachel by his ex-girlfriend's name. This is an example of?
proactive interference
Kristen had a really bad day at work. In order to forget about her bad day, she decides to go to a bar, meets a complete stranger and then invites him back to her apartment. Kristen's motivation for having sex in this situation is most likely related to the reasons of?
enhancing her own feelings and escaping negative emotions
The term personality refers to?
a particular pattern of thinking and behaving that prevails across time and situations, differentiating one person from another
A bicycle has 2 wheels is an example of what type of memory?
semantic memory
Which of the following is a natural concept used to describe a dog?
Labrador Retriever
After meeting Susan, you develop an impression of her as a very sweet, happy and easy going person. Because, she is an art teacher, you conclude that all art teachers must be sweet, happy and easy going. Your conclusion best exemplifies?
inductive reasoning
If you were a situationist, you would be most likely to explain the talkativeness of your teacher as due to?
the fact that she is teaching in a classroom
The id operates according to the?
pleasure principle
The theory that our behavior is based on biologically innate feelings is known as?
instinct theory
In the candle problem, the fact that people often do not realize that they can just use the box that holds the tacks as a stand to mount the candle to the wall is an example of?
functional fixedness
Being a psychologist, Brad takes Shannon to an amusement park in the hopes that she will interpret her excitement from riding the roller coasters as attraction to him. Which of the following principles is Brad trying to use on this date?
misattribution of arousal
Stephanie and Gary both think that they do more than 50% of the housework. Given that the ability for both of them to do more than half of the housework is statistically impossible, they are displaying which of the following cognitive biases?
availability heuristic
A procedure that consists of a series of steps that will solve a specific problem if all steps are followed systematically is a(n)?
algorithm
Twin studies by Bailey and Pillard showed that concordance rates of homosexuality were?
higher for identical twins
Lacey's refusal to admit that she is a compulsive shopper best illustrates which of the following defense mechanisms?
denial
Most people will not show the same emotions in front of their boss that they would in front of their closest friends. This is due to?
cultural display rules
Emotionally charged memories are usually easier for people to remember. This is likely due to activation of which of the following regions of the brain?
the amygdala