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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology |
The scientific study of behavior. |
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Behavior |
Anything a human does that can be measured; how someone acts. |
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Overt Behavior |
Activity that can be seen and observed by others. |
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Covert Behavior |
Activity that cannot be seen or observed by others. |
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Science |
The systematic method of discovering and verifying knowledge. |
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Operational Definition |
Defining subject matter in objective and measurable terms. |
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Empirical Method |
Using numbers and observations that are publicly observable. |
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Validity |
Whether what is being measured is real. |
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Pseudoscience |
May appear to be scientific but is not based on an objective measure of data. |
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Data |
Countable, objective measure of an event. |
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Mechanism |
Belief that complex human behaviors operate essentially like machines. |
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Reductionism |
Any phenomenon, no matter how complicated, can be reduced to a lower, simpler state. |
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Psychophysics |
The study of the relationship between mental and physical processes. |
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Structuralism |
To discover and analyze the structure of the mind. |
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Introspection |
Analyzing one's own perceptions and experiences. |
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Functionalism |
Emphasizing the actual functioning of the mind a it performed an activity or solved a problem. |
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Stream of Consciousness |
The mind is ever changing, fluid, and flowing. |
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Gestalt |
Consciousness can never be broken down into parts because it can be understood only as a whole. |
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Mental Chemistry |
The focus on the combination of individual elements as they are synthesized into the whole unit. |
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Phi Phenomenon |
The perception of motion based on two or more stationary objects. |
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Perspectives |
Ways of looking at human behavior. |
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Biological Perspective |
Assumes that all human behavior and functioning have their origins in biological processes in the body. |
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Cognitive Perspective |
The way humans think and know about the world around them. |
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Psychodynamic Perspective |
Focus on the unconscious, which contains thoughts, desires, wishes, and motivations that affect what we do, although we are unaware of their influence. |
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Id |
Primitive part of our personality that seeks pleasure and immediate gratification. |
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Ego |
Part of our personality that operates within the bounds of reality to seek acceptable ways to satisfy the unreasonable demands of the id. |
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Superego |
Part of our personality that is the seat of our morals and elements of conscience. |
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Humanistic Perspective |
Assumes that all human functioning is known to us, everyone has the power to reach their goals and achieve healthy functioning, and people have the ability to make positive decisions about their life and to control their behavior. |
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Learning Perspective |
How a person behaves due to the influence of experience and the environment. |
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Applied Behavior Analysis |
The systematic application of principles that either increase or decrease the behavior of individuals through the control of the environment. |
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Vicarious Learning |
Learning how to act by watching the successes or failures of other people's actions. |
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Social Learning Theory |
Personality is learned through observations of the environment. |
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Social/Cultural Perspective |
People act the way they do because of their social and cultural context. |
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Eclecticism |
Using and embracing many perspectives. |
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Pre-Paradigmatic |
An early state when a science cannot agree on basic points. |
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Ph.D. |
Doctorate in philosophy. |
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Psy.D. |
Doctorate in psychology. |
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Psychiatry |
A medical degree that qualifies the psychiatrists to prescribe drugs and treat the physical causes of psychological disorders. |
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M.D. |
Medical degree. |
