Psy 100

Front 1

Personality

Back 1

Unique psychological qualities that influence a variety of characteristic patterns of behavior and ways of thinking that determines a person’s adjustment to the environment

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Sheldon somatotypes

Back 2

body types

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Endomorph

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(short and plump)—sociable, relaxed, and even tempered

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 Ectomorph

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(tall and thin)—restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude

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 Mesomorph

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heavy-set and muscular)—noisy, callous, fond of physical activity

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Eysenck

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 Introvert vs extrovert

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Type A and Type B

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 Type A—aggressive when frustrated, impatient, and controlling

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• Traits

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characteristic patterns of behavior or conscious motives

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• Neuroticism

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(emotional stability)—tendency to experience negative affect

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• Extraversion

Back 10

sociable vs retiring (by themselves)

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• Openness

Back 11

are you open (preference for variety of experiences) or do you like routine

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• Conscientiousness

Back 12

the idea of being careful or careless

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• Agreeableness

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trusting or are you suspicious

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• Sigmund Freud

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the psychodynamic viewpoint

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 Hysterical blindness

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a person that cannot see, but there is nothing physically wrong with their vision other than a mental aspect.

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o Superego

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 Represents values and morals

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• Denial

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refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality

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• Regression

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reverting to a childlike behavior (i.e. temper tantrums)

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• Rationalization

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generate self-justifying explanation tpjide from the real reason for our actions (i.e. habitual drinker may say they drink with their friends “just to be sociable”)

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 Movie clip from the Big Chill

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guy rationalizes reasons for him being a jerk

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• Displacement: Movie Clip

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 The guy gets mad at something else/puts the blame on something else even though he is truly mad at the guy that he lost the bet to

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o Personality Development

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 Freud believed that personality is affected by how a child deals with changes in the focus of the id on different parts of the body as the child gets older

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Oral

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mouth region (0-18 months old)

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Anal

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elimination then retention (18 months to 3 years old)

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Phallic

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sexual love toward opposite sex parent (3-6 years old)

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Latency

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exploring environment and developing skills (6 years old to puberty) • No interest in opposite sex

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) Genital

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sexual (puberty)

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• Fixation

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• Fixation at a stage can affect personality later in life

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• Anal fixation

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problems during toilet training can lead to stubborn, compulsive, and stingy person

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o TAT

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pictures then asked what you thought about the picture

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 Norm violation

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a difference in the degree to which behavior or thinking resembles an agreed upon criteria (varies with culture and times; also often based on statistics)

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 Psychopathology

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study of mental disorders

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o Primitive cultures

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demonic possession (evil spirits)

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o Greeks (400 B.C.):

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o disease (natural cause—imbalance in body fluids)

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o Middle Ages (5th-16th century AD)—

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spiritual context (witches and devils)
 Disturbed people in asylums (which were like prisons)

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 Philippe Pinel

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reformed French hospital system
 Stated that madness was a sickness in response to severe stress and inhumane conditions

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Medical Model

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mental disorders are diseases that have objective physical causes and require specific treatment

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Psychological Model

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mental disorders are attributed to the interaction of 3 factors

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o A: biological

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anatomy and chemistry of the brain and other physiological processes

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o B: psychological

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unconscious conflicts, maladaptive ways of viewing the world, and learning

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o C: Sociocultural

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abnormality viewed differently around the world

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Neurosis

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symptoms related to ineffective attempts to deal with reality (try to reduce anxiety—such as with an obsessive individual)

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o 2) Psychosis

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general category for a number of severe mental disorders in which perception, thinking, and emotion are impaired

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o Assumes Medical Model

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 230 Psychological disorders and conditions are put into 17 categories, not including neurosis

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Mental Disorders in US

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 An estimated 26.2 % of Americans ages 18 and older (1 in 4adults) suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year  For 2004, this would equal 57.7 million adults

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Number 1 Mental Disorder

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phobias 14.3%

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Number 2 Mental Disorder

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alcohol abuse 13.8%; men are much more likely to abuse alcohol than women

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Number 3 Mental Disorder

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mood disorder (depression) 7.8% women are much more likely to be depressed than men

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 Antisocial

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men are more antisocial than women

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Personality disorder

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longstanding, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of perceiving, thinking, or behaving