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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is polyspermy prevented?
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Release of cortical granules which digest sperm binding sites.
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Secretions of sperm, peg, and granulosa cells that alter sperm membrane so acrosome rxn can occur
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Capacitation
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Secretory cells of the uterine duct that bulge into lumen. Secretions include nutrients for spermatozoa, ooctye, & fertilized ovum. Also involved in capacitation
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Peg cells
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Progesterone is produced by what during fertilization?
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Corpus luteum, stimulated by hCG secreted from syncytiotrophoblast. Once the placenta develops, it takes over this function.
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Survival time for sperm
Survival time for oocyte in oviduct |
6 days
24 hours |
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Time for zygote to reach uterus
Days for implantation to occur |
3-4 days
Btw days 20-24 of menstrual cycle (not gestational) or 5-7 days after fertilization |
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What layer differentiates into epiblast & hypoblast?
The epiblast then becomes 3 germ layers |
Embryoblast
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Syncytiotrophoblast
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Outer layer of trophoblast
Secretes hCG which binds to LH on corpus luteum and maintains production of progesterone by corpus luteum Produces placenta |
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Cytotrophoblast
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Inner layer of trophoblast
Produces placenta |
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16-20 cells
2 groups: inner cell mass = embryo proper outer cell mass = embryonic part of placenta |
Morula
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Forms after zygote enters uterus
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Blastocyst
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Fluid-filled cavity in a blastocyste
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Blastocele
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From inner cell mass, differentiates into endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
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Epiblast
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From inner cell mass, forms structures that support embryo
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Hypoblast
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Layers the blood travels from mother to fetus
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Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast Basal lamina of trophoblast CT of villi Basal lamina of fetal endothelium Fetal endothelium of capillary villi |
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-Marker of successful implantation
-Made my synchitrophoblast -Has LH-like effects -Maintains corpus luteum |
hCG
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-Secretions inhibited by the rise in estrogens
-hyperplasia of mammary glands & promotes milk synthesis & secretion |
Prolactin
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-Produced by corpus luteum initially
-Later, placenta produces this -effects: 1. endometrium stays in secretory phase 2. Myometrium inhibition 3. Promotes viscous cervical mucous 4. Inhibits GnRH, LH, & FSH release |
Progesterone
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-Initially produced by corpus luteum
-Later produced by placenta -Promotes hyperplasia, hypertrophy of myometrium, duct growth of mammary glands, supresses prolactin effects on mammary glands |
Estrogen
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Regulates milk expression
Stimulated by suckling binds to receptors on myoepithelial cells causing contraction and milk production |
Oxytocin
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Excess androgens causes
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Breast tissue has aromatase & estrogen receptors so conversion of androgens to estrogens occur.
So men can have breast enlargement if taking anabolic steriods |
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Hormones involved in lactation
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1. estrogen
2. progesterone: proliferatin of ducts & alveoli 3. Prolactin 4. Oxytocin 5. xs androgens |
