Psl 431 Final

Front 1

Afterload

Back 1

work done by the heart while ejecting blood, proportional to Mean Arterial Pressure

Front 2

Angina Pectoris

Back 2

chest pain due to coronary artery disease and cardiac hypoxia

Front 3

Angiogenesis

Back 3

growth of new blood vessels and capillaries

Front 4

Arrhythmia

Back 4

any variation from a normal heart rhythm

Front 5

Atherosclerosis

Back 5

blockage of arteries caused by lipid plaques

Front 6

Auscultation:

Back 6

use of a stethoscope or other means to listen to heart sounds

Front 7

Baroreceptor Reflex:

Back 7

regulation of cardiac output and peripheral resistance
in response to changes in arterial pressure

Front 8

Bradycardia

Back 8

decreased heart rate relative to a normal resting value

Front 9

Cardiac Hypertrophy

Back 9

enlargement or thickening of the muscular wall of the heart

Front 10

Cardiac Myocyte

Back 10

cardiac muscle cell, either contractrile or conducting

Front 11

Hemorrhage

Back 11

bleeding

Front 12

Hypertension

Back 12

above normal blood pressure

Front 13

Myocardium

Back 13

muscular tissue comprising the wall of the heart

Front 14

Prolapse

Back 14

slippage of a structure such as a heart valve from its normal position

Front 15

Stenosis

Back 15

narrowing or constriction of an opening, such as a valve or blood vessel

Front 16

Tachycardia

Back 16

increased heart rate relative to a normal resting value

Front 17

What are Calcium channel blockers?

Back 17

DHP class (e.g., Verapamil, Nifedipine) decrease Ca2+ conductance, shortening the length of the plateau phase, and reducing cardiac contractility. These drugs are useful for treating hypertension and angina pectoris, a type of chest pain caused by coronary artery disease.

Front 18

what are all of the leads of the ECG?

Back 18

3 standard leads, 3 augmented leads (aVR, aVL, aVF), and 6 chest leads (V1-V6)

Front 19

Apnea

Back 19

Transient cessation of breathing

Front 20

Anoxia

Back 20

Low tissue P O2

Front 21

Asphyxia

Back 21

Oxygen starvation of tissues caused by lack O2 in of air, respiratory
obstruction, or an inability of tissues to utilize O2

Front 22

Dyspnea

Back 22

Difficult or labored breathing

Front 23

Eupnea

Back 23

Normal breathing

Front 24

-Capnia

Back 24

pertaining to level of CO2 in systemic arterial blood.
Hyper-
Hypo-

Front 25

Hypoventilation

Back 25

Decreased ventilation relative to metabolic requirements resulting in
above normal P CO2 and respiratory acidosis

Front 26

Hypoxemia

Back 26

Below normal Pa O2 in blood due to one or more of the following:
- low atmospheric P O2
- hypoventilation- very high or very low ventilation / perfusion ratios
- decreased DL O2 (diffusion capacity for oxygen)
- right-left (pulmonary-systemic) shunt

Front 27

Hypoxia

Back 27

Insufficient oxygen at the cellular level; there are four types:
- anemic hypoxia: reduced O2 carrying capacity of the blood (also called hypoxemia)
- circulatory hypoxia: too little oxygenated blood delivered to the tissues
- histotoxic hypoxia: inability of cells to utilize the oxygen that is available to them
- hypoxic hypoxia: low arterial blood P O2 accompanied by inadequate Hb saturation

Front 28

Hypoxic

Back 28

Below normal P O2 in the gas phase due to:
- decreased mole fraction of oxygen in the air
- decreased atmospheric pressure

Front 29

Ischemia

Back 29

Decreased blood flow to the tissue which may result in anoxia

Front 30

Respiratory Arrest

Back 30

Permanent cessation of breathing

Front 31

Suffocation

Back 31

Oxygen deprivation as a result of inability to breath or airway blockage