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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is it important for sport professionals to study psychosocial dimensions of sport injury?
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- To learn to interact with the atheltes more effectively and promote physical recovery (trainers, PTs, doctors)
-assist in cognitive and emotional management of injury (sport psychs) -respond to injury in a way that maintains athlete motivation and engagement (coaches) |
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Name 6 psychological factors related to sport injury
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Perceptions of stress
Personal thoughts Personal feelings Personal behaviors Social networks Social norms |
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Name some positive things that athletes can get out of sport injury
What study supports this? |
Motivation
Pain tolerance Goal orientation Physical training habits Heil, 1993 |
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Name some negative things that athletes can get out of sport injury
What study supports this? |
Sense of loss
Threat to self-image Sport performance demands Expectations of quick recovery Heil, 1993 |
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Who is Danny Andrews?
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We watched a video on him
Soccer player who lost his leg and went on to compete in track in the paraolympics Amazing positive attitude, motivation, work ethic |
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What is "counseling"?
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a helping situation where the helper promotes exploration of the personal problems or obstacles of the client
encompasses a wide spectrum of services |
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What is the Model for Sports Counseling (from Ray 1999)?
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-Social support
-Info about choices -Establish goals -Encourage decision making -Screening/triage -Referral |
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Who are the first level helpers in counseling?
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psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical/counseling SPCs
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Who are the second level helpers in counseling (the focus of this class)?
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Coaches, trainers, PTs educational SPCs
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The sports professional role educates an athlete about what?
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-injury and rehab
-related health concerns -performance concerns -life concerns -prevention |
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Describe the two major roles of Athletic Trainers
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Injury prevention- education, bracing, taping, reduction of life stress
Injury management- educate about injury, rehab, timeline, and goals, provide psychological support |
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What was the NATA delineation study?
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Defined counseling roles of Athletic Trainers in various settings/scenarios including: motivation, referral, communication, educational programs
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What does SPC stand for?
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Sport Psychology Consultant
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Describe the two major counseling roles of SPCs
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Injury prevention- stress and life management skills, encourage balanced identity
Injury Management- set realistic goals, discuss emotions and behaviors |
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Describe the two major counseling roles of Coaches
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Injury prevention- good conditioning, reduction of stress
Injury Management- support rehab, stay engaged, include them in team |
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What are some other parts of the athlete's "sport network"?
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Family
Friends Teammates Nutritionists Athletic directors Etc... |
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Describe the purpose and methods of the study by Wiese, Weiss, & Yukelson (1991)
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Surveyed 115 Athletic trainers on their use of psych strategies using a questionnaire
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Describe the results of Wiese, Weiss, & Yukelson (1991)
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The ATs reported:
-Psych techniques very important, especially communication and motivation -Athletes emotions and mindset were strongly related to their ability to cope with injury |
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What did the UK physiotherapists say about using psych in their practices
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Very important because they dont have much access to sport psychs and athletes are often affected psychologically by injury
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According to the UK physiotherapist study, what are some characteristics of athletes who cope successfully with sports injury?
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compliance with rehab
positive attitude motivation patience determination good listening skills understanding of injury realistic expectations |
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According to the UK physiotherapist study, what are some characteristics of athletes who cope LESS successfully with sports injury?
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non-compliance with rehab, lack of motivation, poor understanding of injury, depression, pessimism, unrealistic goals, anxiety, anger
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What psychological techniques were used by the UK physiotherapists working with injured athletes?
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creating variety in rehab techniques
setting realistic goals positive self talk effective communication promoting self confidence stress reduction relaxation techniques |
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Who is Jim Winges?
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A sport psych consultant (SPC)
AASP certified Consults in two areas- performance enhancement and injury |
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What kinds of questions are on the Mental Skills Questionnaire?
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Imagery Ability, Mental Preparation, Self-Confidence, Anxiety, Worry Management, Concentration Ability, Relaxation Ability, Motivation
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What study explored goal setting principles?
List some of the principles |
Gilborne & Taylor 1998 (mentioned by Winges)
Task-oriented climate Develop life management skills Help athletes develop rehab schedules |
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According to Durso-Capal (1998) (as mentioned by Winges), what are the best mental techniques for dealing with injury?
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Relaxation, guided imagery, goal setting
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What is a Code of Ethics?
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set of principles that establishes appropriate ethical behavior for a profession as determined by moral values
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Name a few pf the APTA code of ethics principles
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What is the AAASP code of ethics?
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-Competence
-Integrity -Professional responsibility -Respect for People's Rights and Dignity -Concern for Others' Welfare - Social responsibility |
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What are some exceptions to confidentiality?
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clear danger to the client
clear danger to other persons legal requirements |
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in terms of ethics, what is a primary party?
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directly involved in the act as perpetrator or victim
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in terms of ethics, what is a third party?
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not personally involved but have professional responsibilities due to their knowledge of the situation
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How should one deal with a "forbidden knowledge" situation?
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Prior to revelation insist that you will maintain the confidentiality of information only as long as there is no threat of harm to the athlete or other persons affected by information and as long as release of information is not legally required
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Name some recommendations for ethical counseling
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study codes of ethics
limit access to records follow your conscience disclose your roles to athletes consult when in doubt |
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Describe the ERAIQ
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survey about athlete's feelings toward sport, their support system, life goals, nature of the injury, and emotions about the injury
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What is the SIP?
Name the five subscales (ABCCC!) |
Sports Inventory for Pain
-Avoidance -Body Awareness -Coping -Cognitive -Catastrophizing |
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What is the composite score of the SIP and what does it indicate?
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HURT score
Indicates ability to perform athletically while in pain |
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What did (Young, White, & McTeer, 1994) conclude about pain and injury in sport?
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"pain principle"- prioritize pain over pleasure (no pain, no gain)
"injury adjustment"- injury makes athletes realize the connection between physical body and self/relationships *Both men and women adopt similar techniques to displace centrality of pain in sport lives |
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What are the four examples of pain used by Young & White, 1995?
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-Hidden pain
-Unwelcomed pain -Depersonalized pain -Disrespected pain |
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What are the defining features of sport ethic?
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-making sacrifices
-striving for distinction -accepting risks/playing through pain -refusing to accept limits |
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What is positive deviance?
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Over -conformity to principles of sport ethic
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Describe "Grappling with injury: What
motivates young athletes to wrestle with pain?" Shaffer (1996) Ph.D. Dissertation |
Interviewed 19 wrestlers to identify reasons why young wrestlers would risk permanent injury to continue to compete
Results: Intrinsic factors were the biggest motivators to continue competing |
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According to Shaffer 1996, what were wrestling coaches responses to injury?
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Negative/intimidating reaction (59%)
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What was the Nippert study? Results?
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Female elite gymnasts- why do they compete injured?
Intrinsic factors including internal drive, pain tolerance, athletic identity, age/competitive level |
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Who is Bill Romanowski?
What were the injury themes that appeared in his video? |
Crazy ass pro FB player ("Romo")
* The cultural norms of pro football * His intent to harm opponents * His willingness to sacrifice his body * His experiences with concussions |
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What is philospohical intervention?
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an intervention directed toward countering the influences of the prevailing socio-cultural climate of sport (which encourages playing with pain and injury). (Wiese-Bjornstal, 1999)
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According to W-B 1999, what are sport situations that require intervention?
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When athletes feel pressured to play hurt or over-comply to sport as a result of pressure from coaches, parents, or sport organizations
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What is the Mind-Body model presented in "Psychological Influences
on Injury Vulnerability" by W-B, 1996? |
Interrelationships:
Mind-Body Cause--> Mind-Body Effect--> Mind-Body Recovery |
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What is the ALES? What does it determine?
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Athletic Life Experiences Survey
Positive and negative life changes are added to to get a Total Life Change (TLC) |
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What are the components of the Biopsychosocial Sport Injury Risk Profile?
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Internal= Biological + Psychological
External= Physical + Sociocultural |
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What is the stress process?
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You feel like you cant meet the physical or mental demands of your life
occurs when you feel like failure is NOT an option – Occurs in situations when failure to meet the demands is perceived to have important consequences. |
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Define personality
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The blend of characteristics that make a person unique
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What are some personality traits that relate to sport?
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Trait anxiety
Perfectionism Attentional style Self-concept |
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What were the results of "Physical and psychosocial
predictors of injury in ice hockey: A multivariate, multidisciplinary approach" By Smith, Stuart, Wiese-Bjornstal, & Gunnon (1997)? |
• Level of participation
– Varsity more injuries than JV • Setting – Game injury rate higher than practice 10/6/2009 Copyright 2007 D. Wiese-Bjornstal 16 • Mechanism of injury – Collisions primary mechanism • Psychological predictors of injury – Low vigor and high fatigue – Preseason fatigue (POMS) powerful predictor |
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What were the results of the "Personality Example" by Smith, 2002?
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• Injury vulnerability related to:
– Personal Standards • Setting of very high standards and the importance of these standards – Competitiveness • Like to compete; determined competitor – Dressing Grooming Compulsions • Order in dressing; order in preparation of clothing; nighttime rituals |
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What are some coping behaviors for life stress (which is related to injury)?
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*General Coping Behaviors
* Social Support System * Stress Management and Mental Skills * Medication (self or prescribed) * Coping Skills in Sport |
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What are two explanations for the Stress-Injury Relationship?
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-Physiological Changes
-Attentional Disruption |
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What are the three categories of nonverbal communication?
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- Kinesics
• communicating through body language - Proxemics • how people communicate with the space they are in - Paralanguage • voice characteristics associated with communication |
