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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes |
segments of DNA carrying instructions for a polypeptide chain. Contain exons (coding region) and introns (non-coding region) |
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Transcription |
an mRNA copy of a gene is made (A-U; C- G) |
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Translation |
an amino acid chain is made from mRNA copy |
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
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Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) |
bound to amino acids base pair with the codons of mRNA at the ribosome to begin the process of protein synthesis |
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
a structural component of ribosomes |
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Transcriptionfactor – gene activating chemicals |
Loosens histones from DNA in the area to be transcribed (tells DNA which protein is needed). Binds to promoter, a DNA sequence specifying the start site of RNA synthesis (alsopicks which strand to use). Helps RNA polymerase bind to promoter. |
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RNA polymerase |
An enzyme that oversees the synthesis of RNA. Unwinds the DNA template, adds complementary ribonucleosidetriphosphates based on the DNA template and joins these RNA nucleotides together, and encodes a termination signal to stop transcription. mRNA processing: intron removal by spliceosomes. |
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Translation |
mRNA is read in groups of 3 letters (codons) at ribosome. Each codon codes for specific amino acid. tRNA brings correct amino acid to ribosome (uses anticodon to match up). Peptide bond is formed. |
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Isotonic |
solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol |
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Hypertonic |
solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol |
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Hypotonic |
solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol |
