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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anarchists
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Critics of gov't that see society as close- knit/egalitarian <I>communities</I> corrupted by power and inequality; they instead believe in voluntary cooperation and natural communities and agree with the ideas of Rousseau
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ch1, p7
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Democracy
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A political system in which citizens enjoy a number of basic civil and political rights, and elect their most important political leaders (accountable by law) in free and fair election; "gov't by the people"
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ch1, p27
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Ethnicity
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Groups of people that believe in their common descent becuase of similarities of physical type, customs, both, or of historical memories
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ch1, p17
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Externalities
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Source of market failure occurring when some economic activities produce costs not borne or taken in account by any parties, which may result in environmental degradation; NIMBY "not in my backyard" groups rise <p>ex: polluting factories, prisons, porno stores, major highways
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ch1, p5
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Governments
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Organizations of individuals who are legally impowered to make binding decisions on behalf of a particular community
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ch1, p2
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Gross National Product (GNP)
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A way of comparing the economies of countires, using the total economic output per person according to exchange rates of the national currencies
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ch1, p22
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Libertarians
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Critics of gov't that see society as <I>individuals</I> with fundamental rights to be protected; the more tasks the gov't takes on, the more likely it is to violate rights; citizens should be free to make own choices and seek own groups to belong
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ch1, p7
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Nations
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Large-scale communities based on a common percieved self-identity, built upon a common language, history, race, or culture
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ch1, p4,17
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Nation-States
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States where national identification largely coincides with the scope of legal authority, thought to be ideal
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ch1, p12
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Night Watchman State
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Commonly seen in 19th Century Western Countries, a limited governments that provided basic law and order, defense, and protection of propery rights but little else
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ch1, p2
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Oligarchies
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A politcal system in which important political rights are withheld from the majority of the population; "rule by the few" <p>South Africa until the abolition of the apartheid
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ch1, p27
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Police State
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20th century goverment model seen in many authoritarian societies, particularly under communism/fascism
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ch1, p2
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Political Cleavages
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National, ethnic, linguistic, and religious divisions that systematically affect political allegiances and policies
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ch1, p21
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Political Cultures
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Instilled world views, values, and expectations; the more homogenous this is, the easier it is to live in peaceful coexistance
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ch1, p4
more ch5? |
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Political Systems
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A set of interacting institutions and agencies(parliaments&interest groups to media&family) that formulate and implement the collective goals of a society or of groups within it; they mold/are molded by a domestic and international environment
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ch1, p11
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Public Goods
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A cause of market failure, goods that 1)if provided to one, are provided to all, and 2)one's use cannot detract from anyone else's; in a market economy, ppl won't pay for these -> undersupplied -> gov't must supply through taxing citizens <p>ex: parks, roads, ligthouses, national defense, environmental protection
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ch1, p5
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Purchasing Power Parity
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A way of comparing economies of countries, taking in account the differences in price levels between countries
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ch1, p22
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Regulatory State
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Contests the welfare state, provides more regulation of the governments budget and its effects on the economy/employment
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ch1, p4
ch6 for more info? |
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Relgious Fundamentalism
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The belief in the absolute truth of relgious texts for the protection against error and sin, criticizing their own clergy for lukewarm defense of these texts
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ch1, p 21
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Rent Seeking
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Self-interested political pursuit by individuals, groups, firms, or organizations in order to reap benefits created through government intervention in the economy; this is most serious in poor societies where politics -> wealth
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ch1, p9
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Sovereignty
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Independent legal authority over a population in a particular territory, based on the recognized right of self-determination
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ch1, p12
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State
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A political system that has sovereignty
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ch1, p11
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State of Nature
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Philosophic idea of the condition obtained if no government existed, used to consider the consequences of political intervention. This idea was used to identify some ideal social contract on which societies could build
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ch1, p3
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Totalitarian Systems
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A political system in which the government constricts the rights and privacy of its citizens in a particularly severe and intrusive manner <p>ex: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under Stalin
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ch1
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United Nations (UN)
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The most important organization that encompasses all the world's states, formed at the end of World War II (1945); it has acquired increased authority over world security and has been deployed as peacekeepers in a large number of countries
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ch1, p13
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Welfare State
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1st seen in Germany (Otto von Bismarck 1880's), an expansive government that offers programs of social welfare assistance, unemployment benefits, accident/sickness insurance, old age pensions, public education, etc.
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ch1, p2
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Thomas Hobbes
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British philosopher that pessimistically believed the state of nature to be one of chaos and barbarism; government needed a Leviathan, a benevolent dictator to yield all power to
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ch1, p3
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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French philosopher the believed that the state of nature was ideal and government represented only corruption, inequality, and human alienatiion
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ch1, p3
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John Locke
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British philosopher promoted a limited government to protect property, commerce, and economic growth
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ch1, p3
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