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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1) Intelligence as academic study
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Who teaches?
Academics Practitioners Analysts Field officers 1st world 3rd world Classic espionage background Paramilitary |
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2) Books on intelligence
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System books – Lowenthal
Highly WDC-centric Processes, budgets, wiring diagrams Collection books – Chatter, Killing Pablo Biographic books Can be excellent, always distorted, some are hopeless No one ever tells the whole truth Sensational books Expose Preachy Prescriptive |
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3) A DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE
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Intelligence can be defined as: (a) Information or Knowledge, (b) Organization, and (c) Operational Activity that results in:
1. The collection, analysis, production, dissemination and exploitation of information and knowledge which relates to any other government, political group, military force, or individual, which is believed to relate to security interests of a government, private group or individual; |
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4) con’t Def. of Intelligence
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2. Countering similar activities by other groups, governments or individuals;
3. Secret activities to exploit knowledge in affecting the composition, behavior, and policies of such groups, governments, or individuals. |
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5) Defining Intelligence
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A product
A report, written, oral, or visual A process The intelligence cycle: requirements, collection, analysis, dissemination A Mission An assignment in “intelligence work” Organizations |
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6) FOUR ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENCE
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Intelligence consists of four elements or sets of specialized activities, symbiotically related to each other and to the policy of a government or private individual, group or body. Eliminating or altering any one of the four elements will affect the others significantly. So too, any change or shift in policy will have a concomitant impact
1. Collection—obtaining valued information from denied and more open regions through the use of both human and technological means. |
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7) Con't four elements
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2. Counterintelligence—at a minimum the identification, neutralization, and manipulation of other states’ or groups’ intelligence services. (A broader definition would entail the use of counterintelligence for positive intelligence on adversary intentions and plans.)
3. Analysis and Estimates —processing all available information and delivering to policymakers a finished product that has more clarity than may be inherent in the data itself. 4. Covert Action —influencing events and politics in other states, groups or individuals, without revealing one’s involvement. |
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8) APPROACHES TO INTELLIGENCE
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Through history governments have defined or conceived of intelligence in various ways. It appears clear that three factors have influenced the approach the state takes. These include:
Type of government system Situation a government finds itself in Bureaucratic structure The following framework or spectrum is a way of depicting these distinctions. |
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9) Ways to Look At Intelligence
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Government department or activity
International activity, element of statecraft Adjunct to diplomacy Function of the executive (without attribution at times) Alternative to warfare Intellectual activity Driver of technology and science |
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10) SPECTRUM OF DIFFERENCES
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SPECTRUM OF DIFFERENCES
Political System Democratic---------------Authoritarian Context/Situation War----------------------------Peace Defense-----------------------Offense Regional----------------------Global Bureaucratic Structure Centralized--------------De-centralized |
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11) ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENCE
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Product Process Organization
Collection Analysis Counterintell. Covert Action |
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12) INTERACTION BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENCE
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pp13
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13) Intelligence in US History
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George Washington ran a personal spy network. His agents used visual signals, dead drops, numerical codes, and book codes.
They did covert actions and spread disinformation Paul Revere was a pretty good spy Nathan Hale did less well |
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14) Historic Failure: Pearl Harbor
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Lack of coordination in existing intelligence agencies and inability to get information to policy makers lead to birth of modern intelligence
WW Two: code breaking, double agentry, espionage to obtain weapons systems (Atomic spies) |
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15) Viet Nam
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Difficulty in collecting intelligence on an insurgency
Wishful reporting, flawed OB, distorted body counts. “Decent Interval” by Frank Snepp Inability to gauge public support for Viet Cong Domestic unrest lead to abuses of intelligence and police powers |
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16) Modern “Failures”
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Indian nuclear testing
Fall of the USSR Economic modeling was pretty far off Military preparedness and weaponry over-estimated 9/11 attacks Lack of proper collection or analysis? Systemic failure? Iraqi WMD Flawed analysis based on bad intelligence? Willful distortion to support policy decisions? Possibly the biggest intelligence question in our history |
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17) Historic Successes
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Decryption of Japanese diplomatic and military codes
Breaking Enigma (multinational effort) British roll-up of German agents Venona decrypts allowed US to identify and capture Soviet agents Cuban missile crisis reporting from Moscow |
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18) Modern Day Successes
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Still highly classified
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