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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liang Qichao
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[Qing]
-student of Kang -accomodative change (constitutional monarchy, kindergarten democracy, social darwinism, embrace confuscianism) -100 Days Reform -exiled to Japan |
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Kang Youwei
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[Qing]
-accomodative change (mined Confuscian texts for progessive ideas to justify reforms) -gained trust of Guangxu for 100 Days Reform but stopped by Cixi |
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Empress Dowager Cixi
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[Qing]
-opposed reforms -self-strengthening attempts in the end -de facto rule |
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Guangxu Emperor
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[Qing]
-pro-reforms because realized china's need to modernize in order to survive but lacked the power to fully implement changes |
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Nationalist Party (KMT/GMD)
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[Republic]
-1912 -founded by Sun Yatsen who was later succeeded by Chiang Kaishek -three people's principle was difficult to integrate -comparably more disorganized than CCP -foreign support |
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Communist Party (CCP)
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[Republic]
-1921 -founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao but lead by Mao Zedong -the Long March -class struggle, mass mobilization, collectivization -Soviet influences/help, Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought -many campaigns in 1950s under Mao |
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Sun Yatsen
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[Republic]
-1912 -founding father of modern china -lead the revolution -three people's principles (nationalism, democracy, people's welfare) -established KMT/GMD -accepted Soviet help -fight off warlordism -united front with CCP (1923) |
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Yuan Shikai
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[Qing]
-successful military leader of Beijing [Republic] -1912-1916 -offered presidency by Sun because of military strength but abused power and tried to crown himself emperor -failure to do so illustrated that China needed a new system of governance, no longer imperialistic |
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Warlords (Republic Era)
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[Qing]
-after Taiping, Qing had to strengthen regional militia [Republic] -after Qing collapse, regional militia-->regional warlords-->China separated into factions because of lack of central government |
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May 4th Movers
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[Republic]
-1919 -Lu Xun (neutral), Hu Shi (KMT), Chen Duxiu (CCP), Li Dazhao (CCP), Cai Yuanpei |
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Chen Duxiu
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[Republic]
-May 4th mover -cofounder of "New Youth" and CCP -pro-marxist -mad love for "-isms" (china's problems are interrelated, solutions must be programmatic), argued against Hu Shi |
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Cai Yuanpei
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[Republic]
-May 4th mover -educator at Peking U |
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Lu Xun
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[Republic]
-initially studied medicine in Japan but realized Chinese were sick in the mind and not in the body (ouch) -"The True Story of Ah-Q" (chinese backwardness, social darwinism, WAKE UP CHINA) -politically independent, cultural critic -father of modern chinese literature (venacular=accessibility) |
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Li Dazhao
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[Republic]
-May 4th mover -cofounder of "New Youth" and CCP -introduced Marxist to China -mentor to Mao at Peking (although their ideas about socialism differed) -proponent of "learning from the masses" |
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Comintern (aka Communist International)
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[Republic]
-1919 -formed in Moscow to bring all communist countries together and to perpetuate worldwide revolutioin -CCP initially relied on Comintern to organize and form structure in China |
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Lin Biao
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[Republic]
-modernized PLA [Mao] -compiled "The Little Red Book", key role in CR -allegiance to Mao and so was named his successor (1969) -Mao wasn't going to step down anytime soon so planned a coup d'etat against him--plan was uncovered, died in plane crash during flee (1971) |
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Wang Shiwei
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[Republic]
-important modern writer -"Water Lilies" criticized the privileges of the Party, provided a forum for public criticism -charged as anti-party, pro-Trotsky and purged (1943), finally executed (1947) -death signified lengths and extremes Party would go to silence any form of opposition |
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Jiang Qing
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[Mao]
-former actress, wife #3 -cultural revolution (1966): artistic/intellectual repression and execution, propoganda operas ONLY -leader of gang of four -arrested after Mao's death (1976), charged for deaths and sufferings of millions during the CR |
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Peng Duhuai
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[Republic]
-Long March (1934-35) [Mao] -Korean War military leader (1950-53) -Defense Minister -Lushan conference (1959): personal letter to Mao criticizing GLF, distributed by Mao to rest of party as example of anti-rightist -purged and executed -succeeded by Lin Biao |
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Chen Yun
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[Mao]
-helped with "Five-Years" plan of the late 1950s that called for rapid industrialization to propel China's economy past the economies of the West -transition from a Soviet-based model to market economy by mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms |
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Jiangxi Soviets
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[Republic]
-Mao garnered a lot of experience in organizing party members and peasants, creating reform -used later as a model for political org in china |
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Zhou Enlai
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[Mao]
-rapid economic industrialization -proponent of "five-years" plan -appointed premier when Mao "stepped back" (he didn't actually step back) -never purged because he had weak principles |
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United Front Alliance
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[Republic]
-(1923-27) KMT and CCP ally to unite China from Warlord factionism -(1939) KMT finally decides to join CCP in effort to fight off japanese |
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Hua Guofeng
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[Mao]
-succeeded Mao at death -arrested Gang of Four to consolidate power -forced to retire early by Deng Xiaoping |
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Kang Sheng
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[Mao]
-educated in Soviet tactics -refined appreciation of art yet the most sadistic of the lot -tortured purged members -Gang of Four during the CR (1966)--handled cultural issues |
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People's Liberation Army
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[Mao]
-unit of CCP -armed forces of China started with guerrilla tactics (1930s), evolved into large modern army (late '80s) |
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Gang of Four
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[Mao]
-controlled CCP during CR (1966) -purged artists and cultural intellectuals, social chaos - Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen |
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Red Guards
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[Mao]
-Mao lost a lot of power from the GLF (1958-61)-->internal power struggle at the top of the Party-->Mao calls upon the youth to revolt against the factions of the Party that did not agree with him -mobilization of youth to become executors of the CR (1966) -split within group: demonstrate loyalty to Mao through revolution-->competition-->more and more violence/radicalism-->factions |
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Hu Shi
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[Republic]
-philosopher, proponent of radical education and language reform -"more studies of problems, less talk of -isms" because problems are not isolated -May 4th mover (1919) -US ambassador for KMT |
