Ps251 - Carl Rogers

Front 1

CARL ROGERS:

Back 1

• used the word “client”- thought ‘patient’ was too negative
• No labeling/diagnoses

Front 2

need to understand "internal frame of reference:"

Back 2

• understand your clients POV; Ex: client says “I hear ya” so when you talk to them you say “see if you can hear this…”
• it shows that your listening to them/see where they are coming from

Front 3

Mirroring:

Back 3

• say the same thing back to the person, just acknowledge what the client says, nod your head
• Shows client you’re listening & helps you to find their internal frame of reference.

Front 4

Problem with mirroring technique:

Back 4

• sometimes there are pauses/dead spots

Front 5

belief about experience versus reality:

Back 5

• Believed that for the infant, your experience IS your reality
• Need to understand that whatever the client reports to you is their reality/is real to them.
• Don’t attack somebody based on their opinion.
• By acknowledging the clients own perspective, it prevents arguing.
• getting into the clients internal frame of reference will show you their reality

Front 6

3 inborn systems at birth:

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• 1. self-actualizing tendency: process that allows us to be the best we can be; Born with capacity to fulfill human potential; Tendency is goal directed & helps individuals to become an organized whole person working towards something
• 2. need for regard: we want to be regarded positively by people around us
• 3. valuing system: each person has his/her own value system & wisdom to seek out what he/she needs = motivation; What enhances the organism is seen as positive; We want positive & to avoid negative

Front 7

result of interaction of 3 inborn system:

Back 7

• development of self is achieved

Front 8

Unconditional positive regard:

Back 8

• critical ingredient
• what kids need from parents; You value a person regardless of what they do & their values; You can separate the actions/behaviors from who the person is
• adult relationships don’t have unconditional positive regard, there are always some conditions (parents give children unconditional positive regard)

Front 9

Structures of the self:

Back 9

1. self: your perception of all your experiences over time
2. ideal self: what you want to be; When you self actualize & live up to your full potential

Front 10

Problems that arise:

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•1. conditions of worth (disapproval): environment sets up criteria for worthiness & if the person doesn’t meet them there is disapproval. (“no child of mine would do what you just did, you’re not my child”) Conditions of worth result in…
2. incongruency: Don’t recall things accurately (dissociation is an extreme situation); the incorrect symbolization – divided self, disjointed (love and hate somebody at the same time)

Front 11

conditions of worth + incongruency lead to:

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• Improper symbolization results in the person distorting the memories of their lives
• If incongruence occurs, then individuals no longer lives as a unified whole person → "basic enstrangement of man"

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syntonic:

Back 12

congruence

Front 13

dystonic:

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incongruence

Front 14

Basic estrangement of man:

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• lose touch of who you are; Out of touch with feelings, mislabel feelings

Front 15

Tragic natural path of infancy:

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• society gets in the way
• same things Freud said (nobody escapes childhood unscathed)

Front 16

Rogerian Treatment:

Back 16

• empathy; Don’t judge patients
• Focus on the here & now
• Mirroring
• Give unconditional positive regard, not conditions of worth; Eventually persons self actualizing tendency kicks in
• be genuine, empathetic, supportive, accepting
• Believed defense mechanisms can’t be resolved; If you’re not being attacked there’s no need for defense mechanisms.

Front 17

Criticisms of Rogerian Treatment:

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• don’t believe in labeling (thought to be too judgmental), which is needed in diagnosis)
• there are times when unconditional positive regard will not come through (impossible to express this all the time – it is not the human condition for a person to be 100% perfect)