Ps251 - Albert Bandura

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self efficacy:

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our belief in our ability to succeed in specific situations; Your sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how you approach goals, tasks, and challenges; people with high self-efficacy - that is, those who believe they can perform well - are more likely to view difficult tasks as something to be mastered rather than something to be avoided.

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Social learning theory (at first) →

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social cognitive theory (made this change)

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connection between psychoanalytic and behavior therapies:

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Freud looked at causes of anxiety & behaviorists look at anxiety itself (need to look at both!)

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Albert Bandura

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recognized that Freudian thinking was too dogmatic/rigid/inflexible

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psychoanalytic thinking:

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internal elements of anxiety; past & causes

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behavioral thinking:

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external elements of anxiety; present

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eclectic:

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believing that all theories have something to contribute & what works depends on the patient - Bandura wanted to integrate - Look at presense of ____ vs. causes of ____ and the link between circumstances.

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Rotters formula (why we behave):

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behavior = expectancies (internal) + values of reinforcement (external)

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observational learning, modeling, & vicarious reinforcement:

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you don’t need to do anything to learn a behavior- it can be learned through observation of another person & modeling; Just need to observe others and the reinforcement they get.

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bobo doll study:

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children looked for who was reinforced/who was in control. Girls were more likely to model aggression of other females and boys were more likely to model aggression of other males.

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bobo doll study (Phase 1):

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• show children film
• condition 1 = aggressive adult, adult punching/screaming at the doll
• Condition 2 = adults beating up bobo doll & got positive reinforcement from another adult
• Condition 3 = adult beating up doll & got punished for it
• Then, put kids in a room with bobo doll- C1 & C2 kids were MUCH more aggressive
• shows that you can learn aggression through observation & vicarious reinforcement. C3 kids showed no aggression
• BUT did they learn aggression and choose not to do it? Or did they not learn aggression?

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bobo doll study (Phase 2):

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• C3 was shown the movie that C1 was originally shown → C3 act aggressively so it shows that they learned it & that they showed inhibition.

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anger management:

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1. stop whatever you’re doing
2. remove yourself from the situation
3. think about what happened
4. plan to resolve it
5. resolve it & let go

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Impact of aggression/Implication of aggression studies:

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teach abused children not to grow up & abuse; Media violence; SOME children have resilience and don’t need to imitate what they see.

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parenting styles & aggression:

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• Sears, Maccoby, & Lewin said that parenting styles will lead to whether children will be aggressive or not
• laissez faire parents who aren’t aggressive can have aggressive children because they don’t care & let their kids do whatever they want

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how Aggression is rewarded in society:

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• more aggressive businessman = more $$$.
• Aggression is a catalyst & rewards itself