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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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The study of behavior in humans and other non human animals
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Behavior
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The action taken by a human or non human in response to a stimulus.
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Theory
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Analysis of facts and their relation to one another
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Hypothesis
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An assumption made for the sake of an argument in order to take empirical evidence
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Empirical
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Observed, experimental data
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Independent Variable (Factor)
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The thing that the experimenter controls
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Dependent Variable
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The thing the experimenter measures
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Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
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Initial response, inherited through genes or childhood (smell of food)
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Unconditioned Response (UR)
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The initial reaction to a stimulus (getting hungry from smelling food)
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Conditioned Stimulus
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The action or response learned over time
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Reinforcing Stimulus (SR)
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Actions taken to increase or decrease the likelihood of behavior
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Discriminative Stimulus
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Cue for a reinforcing stimulus
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Positive Reinforcer
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A reinforcing stimulus which when presented will increase the chances of behavior happening (giving $20 when cleaning shoes)
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Negative Reinforcer
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A reinforcing stimulus which when taken away will increase the chances of behavior happening (Car alarm)
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Punisher
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A reinforcing stimulus which decreases the likelihood of behavior
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Aristotle
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Mentored by Plato, went away from philosophy and more into empirical evidence
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Rene Descartes
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Believed in dualism, seat of the soul, vivisection, free will vs determinism
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John Locke
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Empiricism, liberalism, theory of mind
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Hermann von Helmholtz
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Major advocate of scientific method, hypothesis testing, nerve and neural communication
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Structuralism (using introspection), father of experimental psychology
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William James
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Functionalism, advocate of Darwin, based on natural selection, how the organism uses mental processes to adapt to the environment around them.
Principles of Psychology |
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Sigmund Freud
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Psychoanalysis, neurosis, dreams, hypnosis, unconscious mind, sexual desires
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Ivan Pavlov
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Classical conditioning, behavior modification, conditioned reflex
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John Watson
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Behaviorism, studies relationship between the behavior of an organism and its response to environment around them, can be explained by chemistry and physics
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B.F. Skinner
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Operant conditioning, studied effects of reinforcing stimuli
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Wolfgang Kohler
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Gestalt psychology, the sum is different than its parts, perceptual process
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Abraham Maslow
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Humanistic psychology, free will
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