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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Authoritariansim |
small group of individuals exercising power no constitutional responsibility to public dictates people
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Modernization and non-democracies |
M -aids in the consolidation of democracy but not in the initial transaction
non democracies are like "junk drawer" - grossly misleading, internal dynamics with wide variety of implications
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Civil Society |
organized life outside the state |
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Varieties of non-democracy (personalistic, bureaucratic-authoritarian, theocracy, illiberal/hybrid) |
Personalistic- the personality of the dictator is emphasized. Ex: Zaire
Bureaucratic-Authoritarian - the state is controlled more by a group of elites(often military) rather than by a single individual leader
theocracy - state controlled by religious leaders or a state with very strict religious restrictions as its main mode of legitimation
hybrid- neither fully democratic nor fully authoritarian
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Ideological versus non-ideological nondemocracies |
Ideological: belief system that structures all other kinds of decisions - more durable |
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Totalitarianism |
seeks to transform total fabric of society -force terror violence: deeply controlling -involved on every element of citizens lives
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Modernization and instability |
modernization leads to non-democracies, during process of becoming modern countries are unstable and this creates openings for strong leaders who can institute non-democratic regimes to restore order. |
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Lipset reversed theories |
Emerge: lack sufficient conditions Endure: poor democracies unlikely to last |
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Historical institutionalist theories |
emphasis on how coalitions among groups or classes shape regimes
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Inequality and non-democracy |
highly unequal socieites often reinforce nondemocratic rule -larger gap btwn rich & poor makes democracy more dangerous for the rich |
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Political and Economic “rents” and nondemocracy |
similar to apartment renting - take money and see hardly any effort. - Saudi arabia oil industry gain money when oil is being taken out but doesn't do anything for country |
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Resource Curse explanations of nondemocracy |
Basis of provision of goods and services w/o taxation no need for modern economy or middle class thwarting modernization |
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Culture and non-democracy (national culture vs. "only game in town" theory) |
National Culture: exisits commonality of beliefs that values have an impact on the politics
"only game in town"-hate our gov system but wouldnt change it any other way.
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Coercion versus Legitimacy to generate authority and obedience |
coercion is costly - better to somehow convince ppl to follow rules on their own |
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Coercion/Surveillance |
Coersion is control through observation, force, torture, and harrassment
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Personality Cults |
Promotion of image of leader above mortal qualities -Extraordinary wisdom and power - quasi-religious qualitites - use of media to portray this image -all failings ascribed to lesser people below him or her |
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Cooptation (generally) |
bringing potential challengers into a dependent relationship
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The role of elections in illiberal democracies (especially in terms of coopting citizens) |
co-opt citicens to create legitimacy and have them vote for you. also useful for targeting/punishing citizens who don't vote for you elections: co-opting the opposition and enhances regime letimiacy and demestically and internationally |
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Chavez’s maisanta list of enemies |
there was a petition to recall president chavez..chavez wins recall vote..petition signers become part of "maisanta" list. those who signed had a decrease in earnings and employment |
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How the uncertainty of elections is managed in autocracies |
electoral fraud and ballot stuffing campaigning advantages manipulation of electoral laws high barriers to entry and control over candidate selection |
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Illiberal democracies as mixing elections and authoritarianism |
the liberal elements of individual rights and the rule of law are absent Democratic mechansisms exist but weakly instituionalized |
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Features of illiberal democracies (executive power, politicization of state institutions) |
Executives tend to hold tremendous power dominates over legislature and judiciary
Politicized: adopts a particular view and adopts the agenda - politicization of state institutions and media: biased towards people who didnt vote for a specific person |
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Rule of Law (avoidance and selective enforcement) |
Selective avoidance: regime insiders above the law
Selective enforcement: "for my friends anything, for my enemies, the law" |
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Constitutionalism in illiberal democracies |
limited government |
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Collective Action theories |
collective action: action undertaken by individuals or a group to pursue things such as civil rights |
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Presence of illiberal democracies globally |
half of all democratizing countries and one quarter of all countries
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Consequences of illiberal democracies (elected autocrats and unchecked majority versions) |
elected autocrats: subversion of democratic institutions means leaders dont fear the ballot box
unchecked majorites: illberal regimes witness erosion of minority rights, religious/ethnic intolerance -mobilizing along ethnic, religious lines often a winning strategy for parties in new democracies |
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The “democratic peace” and illiberal democracies |
-Justification for democracy -democracies almost never fight wars with other democracies. -peaceful effect is driven by liberal qualities - rule of law, etc. |
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Yeltsin as the first popular autocrat |
gave russia elections fired regional governors undercut courts weakened the legislative branch |
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Vladimir Putin and Russia’s illiberal democracy |
putin was elected by yeltsin and was handed power
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Dual-executive system and Putin’s term limits |
Dual-executive system: System of president and prime minister which allows putin to assume prime minister and thus become president after
Putin was elected a third term but it was non-consecutive so it didn't go against the two consecutive term limit |
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Tsarism and the authoritarian tradition in Russia |
tsarism - extreme concentration of power in one person
legacy of authoritarian rule limited to pro-democratic developments |
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“Democratization Backwards” as an explanation of illiberal democracy |
essential preconditions for modernization didn't exist
liberalism and democracy didnt evolve otgether
-russia quickly level of participation without liberalism |
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Importance of question on how China should modernize |
two view points: nationalist party-imitate western powers. Communist party view-anti nationalist |
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Nationalist party |
Imitate western powers in terms of modernization |
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CCP (Chinese Communist Party) |
anti nationalist |
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Mao Zedong |
periods of revolutionary change and embrace of communist economic development - most programs were unsuccesful. led to famine and stagnation in economic development - his successors reversed course and led to economic reform |
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Parallel organization of Chinese politics |
-duplication of agencies within the state and party |
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Direction of power/accountability in Chinese politics |
power flows from the top down |
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China and the prospects for democracy (for and against) |
For: elites and corruption are targets of citizen anger, generational change in the CCP and more pragmatic, village level elections for local positions
Against: remarkable insitutionalized system of rule, co-optation of citizens
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