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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
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Designates a sublevel within a main energy level: s,p,d,f
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Atom
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The basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Atom Mass
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A weighted average of the naturally occurring isotoes of an element compared with carbon-12
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Aufbau Principle
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The buildingup principle of the periodic system of the elements, based on four quantum numbers assigned to every electron in an atom
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Core
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In electronic configuration of an element, the symbol in brackets of the noble gas preceding the element in the periodic table
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Electron Capacity
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The number of electrons that can be accommodated by each electron shell, subshell, and orbital
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Electron Cloud
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The electron probability density at each point in an atom; the probability of finding an electron at that point
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Electron Configuration
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The distribution of electrons in the quantum shells of an atom
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Element
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A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means
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Energy-level diagram
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The representation of the electron configuration of an atom using circles or boxes for orbitals and arrows for electrons
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Excited State
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Any state other than the ground state of an atom
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Ground State
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In the ground state of an atom, the electrons occupy the lowest energy levels available and the atom is stable
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Group
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A vertical column in the periodic table occupied by elements with related chemical and physical properties that make up a chemical family
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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According to this principle, if we can measure the energy of an electron precisely, we cannot simultaneously determine the exact position of the electron
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Hund's Rule
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Electrons dod not enter into joint occupancy of an orbital until all of the available orbitals of a given subshell are half occupied
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Isotopes
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Different varieties of the atoms of an element. Their nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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Magnetic Quatum Number
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Designates a sublevel or orbital
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Main-group elements
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The elements in a verical column in the periodic table designated I1 to VIIA
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Mass Number
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The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass Spectrometer
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An intrument that separates the isotopes of an element
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Moseley's Law
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The properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers
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Neutrons
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A nuclear particle with approximately the same mass as a proton but lacking an electrical charge
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Noble Gas
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One of the family of elements helium, neon, agron, krypton, xenon, and radon. All except helium have eight electrons in the outermost energy level
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Nucleon
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A proton or a neutron
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Octet
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The presence of eight electrons in the outmost energy level of an atom
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Orbital
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A sub-sublevel of an atom that can accommodate two electrons of opposite spin
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Paui Exclusion Principle
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No two electrons of the same atom may have the same set of four quantum numbers
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Period
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A horizontal row running from left to right across the periodic table
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Periodic Table
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A chart showing all the elements arranged in columns in such a way that the elements in a given colum exhibit similar chmical properties
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Periodicity
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The recurrence at definite intervals of the chemical and physical properties of the elements when arranged in a table according to increasing atomic number
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Positive Ion
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An atom that has lost one or more electrons and carries a positive charge
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Principal Quantum Number
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Determins the main energy level in which an electron is located
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Probability
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The position of an electron in an atom is uncertain, so that we can only refer to the probability of an electron being in a certain region
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Proton
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A nuclear particle of an atom carrying a unit positive charge
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Quantized
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The energies of electrons located in energy levels around the nucleus can take on only certain values specified by four quantum numbers
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Quantum Mechanics
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A mathematical method of treating particles on the basis of quantum theory
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Representative Elements
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See Main-group elements
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Shell
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An orbit or main energy level
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Spin Quantum Number
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One of two equivalent electron spin orientations
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Symbol
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A representation of an element
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Transition Metals
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Elements in the B columns in the periodic table in which d or f orbitals are being filled
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Unified Atomic Mass Unit
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An arbitrary mass unit defined to be exactly one-twelfth the mass of the carbon-12 isotope
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Wave Mechanics
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A system based on Erwin Schrodinger's wave nature of the electrons is assumed and the solution describe the arrangement of electrons in atoms
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