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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kinetic molecular theory
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the collection of assumptions about the small particles of matter and the space around them.
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chemical elements
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similar groups of atoms that make up pure substances
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molecule
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a tightly bound group of atoms in which the atoms maitain their idenity
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cohesion
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when some molecules of solids and liquids interact, strongly attracting and clinging to each other
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vapor
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used to describe a gas that is usally in the liquid phase
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Formula: kenetic energy
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KE = 1/2 mv2 ( mv2 2 = squared)
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the kinetic energy of molecules can be in what three basic forms
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vibrational, rotational, translational ( invloving the motion of a molecule as a whole)
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what is measure the temperature
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it is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules making up the substance
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Formula for converting temparatures from farhienheit to celsius
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Tf = 9/5 Tc + 32
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Absolute scale or Kelvin scale
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a temp scale that does not have arbitrarily assigned reference points and zero does mean nothing
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absolute zero
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lowest temp possible occuring when all random motion of molecules has ceased
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absolute zero as written
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0K as in 0 kelvins
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0 k equals
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-273*C
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formula between the absolute scale and celsius scale
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Tk = Tc + 273
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external energy
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the total potential and kinetic energy of an everyday sized object
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heat
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total internal energy of molecules which is increased by gaining energy from a temperature difference or by gaining energy from a form conversion
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internal energy
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the total kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of an object
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calorie
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the amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
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kilocalorie
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amount of energy needed to increase the temp of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree celsius
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BTU British thermal unit
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amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 pound of water 1 degree farienhiet
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quad
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1 quadrillion btu or 10 to the 15 btu
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1 cal
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4.184 J
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1 Kcal
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4184 J
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specific heat
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the amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
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formula for specific heat
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Q = mc/\t
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insulators
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poor heat conducters
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convection
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transfer of heat by a large scale displacement of groups of molecules with retalivty higher kinetic energy
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radiation
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form of energy moving through space
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phase change
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when a solid liquid or gas changes from one phase to another
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latent heat
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hidden heat
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sublimation
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solid gas phase change
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latent heat of fusion (Lf)
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quantity of heat absorbed without a temp change
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latent heat of vaporization (Lv)
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heat involved in a liquid gas phase change where there is evaporation or condensation
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formula ( latent heat of fusion)
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Q = mLf
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formula ( latent heat of vaporization)
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Q = mLv
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simple harmonic motion
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the vibratory motion that occurs when there is a restoring force opposite to and proportional to a displacement
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amplitude
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the extent of displacement from the equlibrium position
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cycle
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a complete vibration- movement from one point back to the point again
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period
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time required to complete one cycle
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frequency
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number of cycles per second
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hertz
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unit frequency is measured in
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wave
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pulses and periodic vibrations
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longitudnal wave
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disturbances that causes particles to move closer together or father apart in the same direction that the wave is moving
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transverse wave
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disturbance that causes motion perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving
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frequency formula
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T = 1/f
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condensation
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pulse of jammed together molecules
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rarefaction
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pulse of thinned out molecules
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infrasonic
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longitudinal waves with frequency less 20 Hz
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ultrasonic
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longitudinal waves with frequency above 20,000 Hz
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wavelength
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the length in which a wave repeats itslef
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speed formula
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v = distance / time
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wave formula
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v= \ F
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velocity of sound at different temp (formula)
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Vtp (m/s) = Vo (.60 m/s / C)(Tp)
Vtp (ft/s) = Vo (2.0 ft/s / C) (Tp) |
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wave front
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the same part in each wave in spherical waves
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boundary
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division between two physical conditions
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refraction
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the bending of a wave front between boundaries
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reverbration
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mixing of sound with reflections
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specific heat of water
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1
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formula for open tube
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Fn (nv/2L)
where n = 1, 2, 3, etc |
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formula for closed tube
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fn = nv/4L
where n = 1, 3, 5, 7 |