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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difference between presidential and congressional elections? 2
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congress = 2yrs, more candidates
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3 requirements for represenatives
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25, citizen for 7 yrs, live in state u rep
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3 requirements for senate
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30, resident for 9 yrs, and live in state
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What are the educational requirements?
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none
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Who needs more funding? Incumbents or nonincumbents
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nonincumbents
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Being the non-incumbent there is one very important factor?/
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being true to your brand, having the party back you up
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Whats an amatuer runner? 3 kinds?
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someone with no experience, serious, issue candidate(focus on one change), and hopless
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what are two questions a pro runner might ask about congress?
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what will it cost, career effects?
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why is the senate a more serious run? 3
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more presitgeous, difficult and more candidates
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Why are open seats so competetive?
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their rare
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3 advantages to the incumbent?
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money and perks in the office, and leftover surplus
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facility values in the house and senate that are given to the incumbent?
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2 million in the house and 12-20 million in the senate
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What makes campaigns so expensive?2
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inflation and population growth
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What did the Mccain Feingold act of 2002 do?
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restricted soft money and changed campaign fundraising
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How much can intrest groups and PAC's contribute?
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unlimited uncoordinated spending
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Why is being an incumbent such an advantage outside of money
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name recognition, media loves u so many people know your name
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Casework and service= what for runners?
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a positive image, make them appear to be equals with voters
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What is pork barreling?
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When a candidate does a special benefit or dinner for a state or district
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When did redistricting come into effect? who does it effect?
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1970 census, affects the house
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One major law in redistricting? how doesthe cencus help?
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Cant dilute a minority, and the census helps by desiding if a state earns more or less seats
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The bipartisan gerrymander? whats it do?
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Protects incumbents, makes less competetive districts
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Does redistricting increase polarization in congress?
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maybe for the house, but the senate is not effected by redistricting
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What does a quality challenger (nonincumbent) look like?
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Attractive to voters, good speaker and physical, and some amount of fame helps
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Examples of house members who made it due to fame?
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sonny bono, fred grandy, ben jones
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two strategies for nonincumbent?
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avoid tough races and raise lots of money, The billionare runner
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Why are incumbent senators always paranoid?
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More expensive, presitgeous, and diverse constituency
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What is the car wreck example?
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tom Daschle, lost touch with his district and lost the incumbency
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3 ways that incumbents pad their chances of winning?
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Raise lots of $, go home often, and never stop campaigning
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how has the supreme court aided in incumbent re-election?
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they made it to where there is no limit on the number of terms you can serve
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2 types of congress?
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institutional and the representative
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What makes congress this institutional congress?
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article 1 and public preception
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Job approval for president and congress
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congress is lower
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How many members to congress?
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540
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the representative congress is most concerned with what?
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reelection
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What is homestyle
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richard Fenno 1978, How a member of congress presents and represents himself and his work back home
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3 components of trust QIE
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qualification, identification, and empathy
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Fennos four constituencies?
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Geographic, re-election, primary, and personal. In that order. the four rings
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What did David Mayhew write?
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Single-minded seekers of re-election
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3 goals of congress governing?
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Advertising, credit claiming, and position taking
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Down side to the singlemindedness
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creates incentive for big government and poorly defined laws
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How is power distributed in the house? senate?
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house= few people have power, seniority, and senate= everyone has power
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What has power over the chamberi n congress?
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leadership
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3 rules to the rule committee
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all bills must have a rule, the rule can design advantage to a party, and they can change the agenda
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The leadership is most important in the
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house
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When voting, members consider the opinion of
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their constituence
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Following cues when voting is important why?
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for reelection, even if you don't kow what your voting for, follow your colleages and constituents
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Why is congressional approval so low? 3 cs
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they represent what we dont like in a democracy, conflict, comprimise, and competeing interests
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Rina, in the west wing, is an allusion to
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monica lewinsky
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A more proactive role for government in economic matters, but not social?
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liberal ideology
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In favor of defending traditional values, but no economic reference?
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conservative ideology
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where do we get ideology?
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socialization- parenting
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What is the southern realignment?
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In the 50's the south was completely democratic, by mid 60's , 20 seats were republican
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Who and when was the first republican in the south?
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1961 John Tower
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White southerners= ________
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republicans by the mid 1990
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Why do we see the southern realignment?
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in the 70's african americans gained voting rights and incumbents lost
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How has the realignment effected todays government?
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began the push for polarization
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While the souther alignment took place, the north
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did the same thing polarized
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When these alignments took place, republicans ______ and democrats ________
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replaced democrats and democrats converted
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Who polarized first?
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republicans
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Why do we see these strong polarizations?
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redistricting, grouped parties together.
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two time periods when congress wasn't polarized
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1850 and 1950
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When there is polarization, productivity
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goes down
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What are the benefits to polarization?
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Parties are distinct, more acting out on campaign promises, Increased voter turnout
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Down side to polarization
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Less courteous debates, decline in political civility, and attack ads
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How is the house affected by polarization?
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More restrictive rules, Majority can't rely on the minority swing votes
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What else happens in the house due to polarization?
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Minority is excluded, leadership is more powerful, homogenous parties
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How does polarization effect the senate?
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Senority doesn't matter, expectations of party members swings their vote, The two speakers(one from each party) are against eachother
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What if the president is popular and the government is polarized?
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No difference, presidential approval is affiliated with the party
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Whats the connection between going public and the permenant campaign.
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its used to make the campaigner look better, go public and call someone out
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How have progressive reforms made campaigns more expensive?
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Contested nomination races and fewer volunteers
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People love their congressmen but
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hate congress
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Why is Tom Jordan in West wing the perfect candidate? 3
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baby on the way, good law record, and against crime bartlet just got shot
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What were 2 downsides to toms campaign
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he was in an all white frat and he was racists in the courtroom
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Clinton vs Gingrich
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1996 shutdown, Gingrich had the upper hand for awhile, but clinton stole it
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Wallace from 1968-
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a dime is worth the difference
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Downs 1957 is an example of
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convergence of the two parties by the median voter
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in 1950's 79% of southern whites were
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democrats
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4 things that we will have a writeup on
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Southern Alignment, redistricting, the people who vote for us, congress and president
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How are vetos used in polarization
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they increase in use as threats
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Going public and the permenant campaign connect to help cause
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polarization
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