Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Home style
|
In order to get elected, they need to gain the trust of their constituency.
Two types: Sense of identification with constituents (personal) and issue-oriented style development of a political home-style is a life-long process for a politician and a crucial tool in winning the seemingly endless parade of election campaigns necessary to sustain their career |
Fenno article- Protectionist and Expansionist home style
|
|
|
Majority-Minority
|
when the majority of the district is non-white and racial and ethnic minorities.
result of racial gerrymandering? tends to divide up the voice of minorities? |
Voting right of 1965-act they passed to prevent districts that would split minority vote
|
|
|
Progressive ambition
|
Progressive ambition is the desire politicians have to run for progressively powerful offices, using service in a lower office as a stepping stone. Progressive ambition is created by the hierarchical structure of elected offices in the American political system. Politicians must calculate the value of running for office which involves several factors. Progressive ambition has led to some politicians being labeled career politicians. Sometimes a politician has an opportunity to seek higher office but doesn’t compete because the expected utility isn’t high enough. Each politician will have different depending on their input values. [E(v)=p(U) – C]
|
|
|
|
Darrell Issa
|
Admist the events of attempting to recall Governer Davis, the recall campaign needed someone to jump in and start up the campaign with money. He became the face of the recall. But he was getting unpopular as a result of the action of "recall" was seen as not nice by the public
|
|
|
|
Declining turnout
|
This simply means that the participation by the registered and eligible voters declined for a certain election from the one prior.
You want increase in voter participation because you want increase in health competition and contestation |
lower turnouts in primaries than in general elections
|
|
|
Retrospective voting
|
basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or signaling a desire for change.
If the economy was good, then the voters will remember that and re-elect the incumbent. |
|
|
|
Strategic voting
|
when the voters strategically vote to get the desired outcome they would like. A primary example would be the election that led to the recall of Davis. Davis supporters voted for Simon in an open republican primary so that Riordan would not win the primary. and when Simon went up against Davis in general election, he lost.
|
|
|
|
Blanket primary
|
is a primary where voters who are not registered to a party, who are independents can vote.
|
|
|
|
Richard Riordan
|
a republican candidate who ran against Davis in the republican primary. He was predicted to win by a landslide but rather he lost. He was too MODERATE. He had given money to democrat candidates, had done anti-abortion ads, and had had dispute with republican candidates. But also on the other hand, his broad view on issues was still considered republican.
|
|
|
|
Residual votes
|
number of blank, spoiled, or unmarked ballots
unusual high voter turnout might lead to more residual votes because the line was long and the voters feel rushed. Residual votes depend strongly on local institutions of electoral administration, and advance instruction to voters. NOT due to demographics, political factors or technology |
|
|
|
Decline to state
|
is an affiliation designation on the California voter registration form that allows voters to register to vote without choosing a party affiliation. Over the last fifteen years California has been experiencing a significant increase in Decline to State voters.
|
The growth of the category Decline to State follows California's switch from the closed primary to an open primary system in 1996 following the adoption of Proposition 198.
|
|
|
Surge and decline
|
The Surge and Decline Hypothesis deals with the trend that since 1930's, every president's party has lost house seats during their midterm election. In other words, if there were a Democratic President elected, during his midterm election, the Democrats would lose house seats. This trend is believed to occur because during Presidential Election years, voters will likely vote for the House candidate that their preferred Presidential candidate is affiliated with. However, during midterm elections, partisanship prevails and people will tend to vote for candidates affiliated with their own respective parties. This trend does not occur in the Senate as Senate terms are six years compared to House terms which are only two.
|
|
|
|
Incumbency advantage
|
Incumbency advantage is believed to be a crucial factor in elections. Incumbents have the utmost advantage in following elections. However, this advantage does not depend on the incumbent's ability and traits, but on the challenger's actions
|
|
|
|
Primary constituency
|
Primary constituency is the most important to a candidate. It is the constituency that will hopefully garner the strongest support in the election. So the candidate must cater to and gain the trust of this must-win constituency.
|
|
|
|
Median voter theorem
|
this states that the candidates are more likely to win the election if they shift their party position that are preferred by the median voter. Often we see candidates shift their views to moderate on issues to capture the median voters
|
|
|
|
Ted Costa
|
he initiated the recall process. Seeing Davis get reelected with less than 30 percent approval ratings, he brought up the idea of recalling and getting the signatures and money. he mentioned Arnold Schwarzenegger by name.
|
|
|
|
Punch card
|
voter punches a pre-scored chad on ballot with a candidate. oldest form of voting- also found to produce more over-votes and more under-votes than any other technologies
|
|
|
|
ADA Score
|
measure to help find candidates on left-right meter. (liberal-conservative)
Americans for Democratic Action |
|
|
|
Valence advantage
|
To have a valence advantage is to be in a location that would bring more voters along the ideological dimension. Generally, a candidate with more moderate views, and with more experience usually have an advantage. This is one of the concepts that could explain the mechanism behind the competition and winning for the elections.
|
|
|
|
Primacy effects
|
Voter is said to have primacy effects when he/she chooses the candidate that is listed first. This advantage has been well studied and has been taken into account when structuring elections with different voting technologies, such as randomization of the order of candidates.
|
|
|
|
HAVA
|
Help America Vote Act- replace punch-card and lever-based voting systems; created assistance commission to help set standards and help voters vote correctly. Voter identification
|
This Act was initially formulated as a response to the disqualification of nearly two million ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election.
|
|
|
Union bug
|
a small marketing that indicates that the item was printed by a union printer. This indicates that the candidate is backed by unions, who will spread the good word and advertise for the candidate if he/she is not too well known.
|
|
|
|
Reelection constituency
|
This is the group of constituents who voted for the candidate in the last election. They are more fickle than the primary constituency because they can change votes quite dramatically.
|
|
|
|
Overvote
|
When a voter votes for more than the maximum number of selections allowed in an election. results from lack of instruction, or lack of poll workers, institutions
|
|
|
|
Permanent absentee voter
|
Absentee voting can impact election night counts. It makes it slower in being able to determine who won elections. Additionally campaigns in the past typically would increase to an immense barrage in the days leading up to an election. However, as you witness increasing permanent absentee voting, oftentimes by election day a substantial # of voters have already submitted their ballots. It also can lead to problems as there revelations in the days before an election, however people have already cast their votes.
|
|
|
|
Jungle primary
|
All candidates run in the same primary elections, top two vote-getters compete in a general election runoff if no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the primary.
|
|
|
|
Garry South
|
Democratic Strategist, Primary strategist for Grey Davis in 2002
Specific Context of relevancy: Part of Davis strategy to beat heavily-favored Riordan in order to face the easier Bill Simon (a strategy that succeeds) |
his main point was to make sure Riordan did not come out of the primary “flying”
|
|
|
Partisan tides
|
How people feel about a party at the time
|
Party of election trends. Determines your "P" in your decision to run/ expected utility of running. In other words it affects your chances of winning.
|
|
|
Partisan cues
|
Uninformed voters of utilize partisan cuing in order to determine how they should vote. Where partisan cues are available, voters often decide how they should vote.
|
|
|
|
GOTV
|
Get out the vote activities
|
Includes telephoning potential supporters. Even to the extent of providing transportation. These are important campaigning activities for candidates.
|
|
|
Cross-Politiking
|
going against party lines and interfering with opposite parties primary election. This is a political strategy because you can gain influence of the other party. For example, in the Davis used cross politiking to against Riordan and was successful at doing so. another e.g. is raiders.
|
|
