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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are natural sources of light?
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Sun, fire, animals- bioluminescence.
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What are artificial sources of light?
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light bulbs, fireworks, flashlights, etc.
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A testable prediction is a
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Hypothesis
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What 3 things does sound have?
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Pitch, quality, and intensity.
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The mixture of overtones that gives a sound source its distinguishing characteristics is the ?
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Quality
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What depends on the number of complete vibrations that the vibrating object makes in 1 sec? This is the highness and lowness of a sound!
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Pitch
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The loudness of sound that is measured in decibels is called the ?
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Intensity
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The source of ALL sound objects is ?
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A vibrating object
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The number of waves that pass a given point in a given time and is usually expressed as the number of vibrations per second is the
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Frequency
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Reflected sound waves that can be distinguished from the original sound are know as
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Echoes
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The pressed togetherness of the sound is considered
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Compression
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When the sound pulls apart or from the air particles to separate, it is known as
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Rarefraction
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Smooth objects such as mirrors, lakes, etc are good sources for light
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Reflection
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Light Reflection occurs at the same or different angles?
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Same angle
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Mirrors that make images larger and often upside down are what kind of mirrors? IE Car mirrors
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Concave Mirrors
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Mirrors that make images smaller and are usually located in convenience stores are what kind of mirrors?
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Convex Mirrors
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The bending of light when it moves from one kind of matter to another is an example of
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Refracted Light
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what kind of lenses bring light rays together?
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Convex lenses
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Lenses that spread light rays apart are ?
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Concave lenses
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These break light into visible spectrums.
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Prisms
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What colors are white made up of?
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Made up of all colors
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What can change the direction of the force?
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Wheel and Axel
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Adding what can make a gear?
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Teeth
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The size of the wheel can also change the
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Direction
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Bat, fishing rod, broom, see saw, hammer, etc can all be used as? and change the direction of force.
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Levers
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A what is a simple machine?
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Screw, wedge, pulley, etc.
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What spreads the force over a longer distance?
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Inclined plane
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"Every object persists in its state of rest of uniform motions in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it" equals what law?
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First Law = Law of Inertia
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"Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration is what law of motion?
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Second Law
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"For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action" is what law of motion?
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3rd Law
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Weightlessness gravity is the affect of having little graviting pulling on the object and is known as
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Microgravity
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The force that opposes the motion and yields heat energy is considered?
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Friction
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What is the center of an atom where electrons and protons are located?
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Nucleus
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These atoms have neither a positive or negative charge. There is no electrical charge.
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Neutrons
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These atoms are possitively charged.
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Protons
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These are negative charged atoms that are circled around the nucleus.
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Electrons
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Protons+neutrons=?
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Atomic Mass
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# of protons an element contains is the
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Atomic Number
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The transfer of electrons with two unlike atoms that attract one another to make a bond is a ? bond
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Ionic
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The bond where atoms share electrons is ? bond
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Convalent
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This has a definite shape and volume. ie- plastic, wood, metal, ice, and wax
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A solid
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This takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume. ie- water, alcohol, oil, and detergent.
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A liquid
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This takes the shape of the container BUT doesn't have a definite volume. ie- oxygen, vapor, carbon dioxide
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A gas
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A substance made up of two or more elements formed by a chemical reaction that results in a different substance.
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Compound
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The addition or removal of heat to a substance can be a ? change.
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Physical Change
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The substance changes from the orginal substance due to a ? change (something different- color, heat, gas, etc)
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Chemical Change
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When substances are combined together without any chemical reaction.
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Mixture
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The process of gathering information through the senses is called?
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An observation
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What kingdom is algae in?
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Protista Kingdom
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A scientific theory, once formed is
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Never Changed!
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Photosynthesis is the combination of
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sugar+light+carbon dioxide
h20+Co2+light. |
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What makes a plant part of the vascular system?
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It has protection against water loss such as a waxy coating called cuticle. They also have stomatas?
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Pores in the underside of the leaf where gas exchange takes place is called ? of the plant
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Stomata
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What are the functions of roots?
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Anchor, water, and nutrients
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Tubes through which food and water flow in a plant.
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Vascular tissue
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Nonvascular plants include
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mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
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Vascular plants are all other plants that
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are divided into sporing or seed bearing plants
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Gymnosperm plants are
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vascular plants without flowers
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Angiosperm plants are
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vascular plants with flowers
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Multicellular organisms that obtain food from their environments, have systems to allow them to move, reproduce sexually, and are placed in two groups of backbones or without are in what kingdom
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Kingdom Animalia
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Animals without a backbone are found in the animal kingdom under what subgroup?
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Invertebrates
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Examples of invertebrates are......
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mollusk, jellyfish, sponges, starfish, worms, lobsters, spiders and insects.
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Kool-aid is an example of ? because its mixture is the same throughout and is considered a homogeneous mix.
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Solution
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Oil and Vinegar is an example of a ? mixture because its mixture is not mixed throughly throughout but yet remains separated- Heterogenous
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Suspension
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30 is ?
20 is ? 10 is ? 0 is ? |
30 is warm
20 is nice 10 is cool and 0 is ice. |
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0 degrees C and 32 degrees F =
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Freezing
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100 degrees C and 212 degrees F=
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Boiling
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The measurement of how much energy a substance possesses or transfers is a
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Calorie
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fundamental particles are
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Atoms
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The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound is a
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Molecule
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A tabular arrangement of the elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same column.
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Periodic Table
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All molecules are constantly moving in some manner and constant motion is
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Kinetic Energy
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When heat is added to a molecule, it moves (ie- gas)
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Faster
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When a molecule looses heat, it (ie- solid)
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Slows Down
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Matter is composed of tiny particles, empty space separates the molecules, molecules are in constant motion, when heat is added- kinetic energy increases, when heat is removed- kinetic energy decreases are all parts of what theory
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Kinetic Molecular Theory
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This occurs in solids when an atom or molecule or a substance absorbs heat and passes it to other molecules with less heat energy.
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Conduction
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This occurs in liquids or gases when an area of fluid is heated, the molecules of that region gain kinetic energy, and the average distance btw the molecules in that region increase.
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Convection
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Convection causes the heated fluids to become ? dense
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Less
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Animals WITH backbones are
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Vertebrates
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This is the occurrence of heat being transferred through a vacuum.
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Radiation
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The energy of position is
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Potential Energy
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Energy released by chemical change (battery, burning, metabolic processes) is known as
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Chemical Energy
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Energy of moving molecules
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Thermal Energy
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Energy released when atoms split or join, brought about by a change in the nucleus is considered (ie- stars, atomic bomb, nuclear reactor)
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Nuclear Energy
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Energy that can move through an empty space ie Sun is what kind of energy?
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Solar/Radiant Energy
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The force we apply is the
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Effort
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The force we overcome such as gravity or friction is considered
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the resistance
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The product of a force exerted on an object and the through which it moves is the
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Work
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What is the WORK in this problem: A girl pushes a box with 20 lbs of force 10 feet.
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200 feet per lbs. You multiply the force by the distance to get your product.
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A push or a pull is a
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Force
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The ability to do work or produce a change is
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Energy
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The work applied to a machine is the
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input
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The work produced by the machine is the
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output
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An expression of the multiplication of force by a machine; the ratio of the resistance overcome to the effort applied (Divide the resistance by the effort)
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Mechanical Advantage
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An inclined plane rolled up is a
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Scew
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Examples of vertebrates are......
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fish, frogs, snakes, birds, and mammals.
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The friction from air molecules hitting an object as the object moves through the air is
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Air resistance
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What is a simple, two-layered, hollow bodied, with an opening on one end surrounded by tentacles? ie- sea anemone, coral, hydra
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Phylum Cndaria
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Mostly segmented roundworms, possess well -defined nercous system and digestive system is what phylum?
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Phylum Annelida
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Shellfish and snails, usually possess soft unsegmented bodies with exterior shells made of calcium carbonate are from what phylum?
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Pylum Mollusca
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Archnida, crucstacea, insecta are animals having segmented bodies with distinct regions and are hard jointed exoskeleton, bilaterally symmetrical with pairs of moveable joints?
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Phylum Anthropoda
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Marine animals that possess internal calcium carbonate skeletons, tube feet, water vascular systems, radial symmetry are what phylum?
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Phylum Echinodermata
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Traits that are heredity, physical, and cannot be changed are ? traits ie- reflex, instinct, web building/migration, etc.
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Inherited Traits
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Behavior that is acquired from observation such as learning to ignore/from experience, copying, or using two unrelated things-dog training are all ? behaviors
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Learned behaviors
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All of the following are aspects of the ? variable: must be changed by itself, effect, be measured in SI
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The responding variable
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What you change on purpose is the, the cause, only one per experiment?
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Manipulated Variable
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The item that stays the same throughout the entire experiment is the ? variable
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The controlled/constant variable.
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Something that ask a comparison ? or a planned and conducted investigation that can be answered by doing systematic observations is an
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Experiment
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A ? is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water,etc.
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Sound Wave
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The ? of an object refers to the amount of matter that is contained by the object
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Mass
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the ? of an object is the force of gravity acting upon that object
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Weight
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? is the rate of change of velocity as a function of time
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Acceleration
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distance travelled per unit time, a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens
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Speed
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A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity.
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Momentum
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is the change in velocity over the change in
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Acceleration
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is a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion or, in other terms, the rate and direction of the change in the position
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Velocity
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the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
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Gravity
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a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms
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Current
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a path between two or more points along which an electrical current can be carried
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Circuit
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An electric circuit connected so that current passes through each circuit.
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Series Circuit
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A closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths
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Parallel Circuit
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an electrochemical cell, or an apparatus for generating voltaic electricity
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Battery
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One celled, some multicelled, nutrition by absorbtion, cell walls made of chitin, sexual or asexual reproduction are all characteristics of
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Fungi
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Multicellular, produce own food through photosynthesis, cells surrounded by cell wall, sexual or asexual
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Plant kingdom
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Multicellular, nutrition by ingestion, cells surrounded by cell membrane, have complex organs, mainly sexual reproduction
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Animal kingdom
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The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells
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cell wall
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The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell
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cell membrane
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are membrane-bound compartments within some eukaryotic cells that can serve a variety of secretory, excretory, and storage functions
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Vacuole
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a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that "fills" most cells where the cells metabolism takes place
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Cytoplasm/Cytosol
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The brain of the plant. It tells the plant with kind it is.
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Nucleus of a plant
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is the process in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes to generate two identical cells
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Mitosis
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the process in which the chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules such as glucose are converted into energy usable for life processes
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Respiration
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the evaporation of water from plants
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Transpiration
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the molecule that traps this 'most elusive of all powers'/ photoreceptor/green pigment of the plant.
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Chlorophyll
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The turning or bending movement of an organism or a part toward or away from an external stimulus, such as light, heat, or gravity
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Tropism
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The marsupials are characterized by the presence of a pouch (marsupium) in the female- Kangaroo
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Marsupialia
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the orderly repetition of parts of an animal or plant
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Symmetry
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An inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli
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Instinct
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The gene that overtakes the recessive gene and therefore is expressed in the outcome.
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Dominant Gene
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A gene that is phenotypically expressed in the homozygous state but has its expression masked in the presence of a dominant gene
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Recessive Gene
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group of organisms interrelated by the fact that each member of the group feeds upon on the one below it and is in turn eaten
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Food Chain
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an organism that gets its food energy from dead parts of other organisms; an important part of the energy cycle and food webs
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Decomposer
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