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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) - Epidemiology
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- Sub-Saharan Africa (East and South=Rhodesian, West and Central=Gambian)
- Only Uganda has both - Congo has the highest incidence, but major new outbreaks in Sudan and Uganda. |
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HAT - Transmission
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Tsetse Flies
Rhodesian variant is a zoonosis (game animals, cattle) |
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HAT - Clinical Features
(two forms) |
"African Sleeping Sickness"
GAMBIAN FORM - Winterbottom’s cervical adenopathy (enlarged post cervical LN) - Asymptomatic months or years - Intermittent fever: Antigenic Variation - Weight loss, cachexia - CNS involvement (diurnal somnolence, nocturnal insomnia) -Constant headaches, coma, death - Behavior changes RHODESIAN FORM - Weeks, not months or years |
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HAT - which protozoa is responsible for each form
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Gambian HAT - Trypanosoma b. gambiense
Rhodesian HAT - Trypanosoma b. rhodesiense |
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Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) - Epidemiology
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- Central and South America
- Eradicated from Brazil) - Transmission in US (Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas) |
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Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) - Transmission
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Kissing/Assassin Bug (nocturnal feeder)
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Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) - Clinical Features (Acute vs. Chronic)
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ACUTE CHAGAS DISEASE
- Chagoma (indurated lesion at site of parasite entry) - Romana Sign - Malasia/Fever/Facial Edema - High parasitemias - Lymphadenopathy - HSM (?) - Myocarditis w/ ECG changes CHRONIC CHAGAS - Progressive myocardial destruction - Cardiomyopathy (chamber enlargement) - LV aneurysm, conduction defects - Megaesophagus/Megacolon (due to denervation) *Reactivation Disease in HIV/AIDS |
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Leishmaniasis - 3 forms and causes
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Visceral Leishmaniasis
- L. donovani complex (donovani, infantum, chagasi) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - L. mexicana, L. tropica, L. major Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - L. braziliensis |
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Leishmaniasis - Epidemiology (Visceral form)
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Opportunistic infection - HIV/AIDS pts
Kids <5 most susceptible L. donovani – E. India, E. Africa, Epidemic among Sudan Refugees L. infantum – Middle East, Mediterranean, S. Europe L. chagasi – Central and S. America (Brazil) |
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Leishmaniasis - Transmission (Visceral form)
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Sandflies
Mammalian reservoir - dogs |
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Leishmaniasis - Clinical features (Visceral form)
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- Majority are self-resolving
Full-blown Kala-azar - High spike fevers (daily double spike) - Not as sick during fever paroxysms as malaria - Weight loss - Hepatosplenomegaly - Neutropenia - Pancytopenia (dec RBC/WBC) - Hypergammaglobulinemia - Hyperpigmentation ("Black Fever") Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (resembles leprosy) Children under 5 are the most susceptible age groups |
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Leishmaniasis - Clinical features (Cutaneous form)
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Wet-pizza lesion
Begins as small red papule Progresses to ulceration L. tropica can visceralize |
