Protozoan Groups

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The first reasonable evidence of life on earth dates back

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3.5 billion years

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when a prokaryote is engulfed and modified to become a eukaryotic organelle it is said to be

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Primary endosymbiosis

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when organelles are obtained by one eukaryote by engulfing another eukaryotic cell it is said to be

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Secondary endosymbiosis

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Phylum sarcomastigophora includes

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Amobea and flagellates

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the amoebas we are studying include

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arcella, amobea, radiolarians, Entamoeba histolytica, foraminiferans, globigerinia, and numulites

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amoeba with protinaceious shell

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arcella

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amoeba with silicacious shell

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radiolarians

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amoeba with calcreous shell ca carbonate shell with holes which thin psudopodia extend from in a net to catch its prey

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forminiferans

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a pathogenic amoeba of primates we studied

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entamoeba histolytica

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forminiferan used to construct pyramids via limestone deposits

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numulites

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phylum sarcodina includes latin root sarcodes=flesh

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amoeba

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phylum mastigophora includes 'mast-bearer'

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flagellates

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amoeba have how many nuclei

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1

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flagellates have how many nuclei

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1 - many

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amoeba move via

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pseudopods

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flagellates move via

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flagellum

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cell division in amoeba is

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of random direction

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cell division in flagellates is

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longitudinal through the flagellum's base

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flagellates in phytomastigina characterized by there ability to photosynthesize include

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Mastigoamoeba, euglena, volvox, and dinoflagellates: noctiluca, gonyaulax and pfiesteria piscicida

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dinoflagellate noctiluca is named because

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it makes sea water glow when it is oxygenated via agitation

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dinoflagellate gonyaulax otherwise known as alexandrium causes

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paralytic shellfish poisoning

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pfiesteria piscicida causes

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fish killing neurotoxin which can become airbourne and effect humans

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flagellates of zoomastigina we are studying are

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trypanosoma, giardia, and trychonympa, and choanoflageallates

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Trypanosoma causes

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african sleeping sickness and chagas disease via th tsi tsi fly

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giardia uses what for metabolism

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H2S

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this is found in the guts of termites and aids the digestion of cellulose

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trichonympha

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these flagellates have developed sponge like colonies

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choanoflaggelates

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Phylum opalinata includes

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opalinates

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cillia occur in_____ rows in opalinata

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oblique diagonal facilitating unidirectional movement

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opalinata are primarily found in the digestive tracts of

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frogs and toads

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oplainates have how many nuclei

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2 or more macro nuclei

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creatures in phylum apicomplexa that form spores are known as

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sporazoans

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sporazoans in phylum move via

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wiggleing, passively being carried by a vector

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creatures in phylum apicomplexa have how many nuclei

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1 per cell

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creatures in apicomplexa reproduce via

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multiple fission

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creatures in phylum opalinata reproduce

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diagonally across cillia rows

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the creatures we are studying in phylum apicomplexa are

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Plasmodium malaria, toxoplasma, Nosema, and Babesia

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Plasmodium is a parasite known to cause

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malaria

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toxoplasma is a parasite known to cause

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cat disease

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nosema apis is a parasite recently reclassified as a fungus known to cause

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honeybee disease

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hemolytic protozoan, cause of texas cattle fever

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Babesia

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first disease characterized as having an arthropod vector

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babesia

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Phylum cilliaphora includes

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ciliates

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ciliates have how many nuclei per cell

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1 macro nuclei and 1 or more micro nuclei

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ciliates reproduce via

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transverse fission and conjugation

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Ciliates we are studying are

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Vorticella, paramecium, stentor, balantidium coli, euplotes

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Vorticella feeds

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by drawing its prey in with a vortex

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paramecium feed

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by sweeping there prey into there oral groove

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stentor look like

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horns

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balantidium coli

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is the only parasitic ciliate

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Euplotes aids in the digestion

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of cellulose in ruminants stomachs

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a symbiotic relationship where both parties benefit ++

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mutualism

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a symbiotic relationship where one party benefits while having a neutral effect on the other party +0

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commensalism

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a symbiotic relationship where one party benefits and the other party suffers + -

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parasitism

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holozoic feeders feed via

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phagocytosis

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creatures which ingest soluble organic compounds are

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osmotrophs

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blunt tipped pseudopodia are referred to as

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lobopodia

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thin sharply pointed pseudopodia are referred to as

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filipodia

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branched filamentous pseudopodia are referred to as

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rhizopodia

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branched net like pseudopodia are referred to as

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reticulopodia

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thin tipped pseudopodia with an axial filament of microtubules are referred to as

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axopodia

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amoebas that form a shell are referred to as

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Testate

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there shells are referred to as a

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test

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fresh water amoebas with axopodia which may be testate or naked

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heliozoans

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each cilium and flagellum is composed of microtubules arranged how

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a membrane bound circle of 9 pairs of micro tubules around a central pair

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the 9+2+2 arrangement of microtubules is referred to as a

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axoneme

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internally these microtubules attach to an organelle known as a

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kinetosome

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kinetosomes are organelles that are organized as

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a circle of 9 triplets of micro tubules

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kinetosomes have the same structure as

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centrioles

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what protein is responsible for movement in the sliding microtubule hypothesis and what is its associated enzyme

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dynein and adenosine triphosphatease

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cytoplasm without organelles in the colloid gel state used to facilitate locomotion in amoebas

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ectoplasm

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cytoplasm in the sol state rich in organelle

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endoplasm

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the typical lobopodium begins with the formation of an extension of ectoplasm called the

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hyaline cap

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clear areas in the nucleus are referred to as

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vesicular

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some cells without mitochondria have evolved a deferent organelle from mitochondria to function without oxygen referred to as

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hydrogenosomes

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a food vacuole created via phagocytosis is also referred to as a

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phagosome

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this organelle fuses with the phagosome to initiate digestion

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lysosome

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the mouth structure present in many ciliates and flagella's and apicomplexans which is the site of phagocytosis is referred to as the

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cytostome

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many ciliates have a characteristic structure for the expulsion of water known as the

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cytopyge

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the main end product of nitrogen metabolism in protazoa is

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ammonia

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multiple fission is referred to as

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shizogony

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when a progeny cell is considerably smaller to a parent cel the reproductive process is referred to as

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budding

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if multiple fission is associated with the union of gametes it is called

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sporogony

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fertilization of one gamete by another is referred to as

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syngamy

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conjugation

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the exchange of gametic nuclei occurs between conjugants (parent) organisms

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when gametic nuclei arise by meiosis and fuse to form a zygote within the same organism i i referred to as

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autogamy