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35 Cards in this Set
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Drugs for Luminal Protozoa
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Metronidazole
Paromomycin (E. hist, back up for Giardia) Nitazoxanide (Crypto and Giardia in kids) |
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Metronidazole
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Redox reaction in parasites creates radical that dmages DNA
Rabpidly absorped, penetrates CNS For Giardia, Trich, Amebiasis and for anaerobes SE N/V, metallic tastes, Disufram reaction with ETOH |
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Paromomycin
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Aminoglycoside
Inhibits protein synthesis in ameoba. Also work on Giardia SE GI and nephrotoxic. CI in renal disease pts |
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CI for paromomycin
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Patients with renal disease
Aminoglycoside analog that is very nephrotoxic Work on E. Histolytica and Giardia |
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Nitazoaxanide
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Broads spect anti-parasite that is used mostly for diarrhea in kids
Works on Crypto and Giardia well GI side effects |
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Cholorquine
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Rapid resistence develops by shuttling out the drug
Drug of choice for malaria except in Haii an dCentral America north of panama canal Long half life, good penetration, given 1 week SE GI, visual changes, fatigue and confusion. Can exacerbates dermatoses (psoriasis) |
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Use for cholorquine resistant falciparum
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Qunine, Qunidine
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QUinine
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Can be combine with doxy or tetracycline or TMP/SMX
SE are cinchonism, hypoglycemia and vasodilation Increases effects of warfrin, digitalis and NM blockers |
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Mefloquine
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To prevent cholorquine resistent malaria
SE GI and NIGHTMARES CI pts with epilepsy, psychosis Interacts with beta blockers and may cause death |
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Two CI too Mefloquine
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Patients with seizures or psyhcosis
Death in patients on beta blockers for heart condition |
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Doxycycline
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Prophylaxis for malaria
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Primaquine
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Kills hypnozie in ovale and vivax
SE Hemolysis in G6PD pates |
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Malaria drugs that causes hemolysis
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Primaquine in patients with G6P deficiency
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Atovaquone + Proguanil
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Malaria prophylaxis
Atovaquone also with pyrimethamine for PCP and Toxo Oral drug, some GI effects |
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Artemisinin derivatives
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Works again falciparum resistent to everything else
Not approved in US due to neurotoxicity |
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Tx Toxo
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Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
P is abosorbe slowly, eliminated by liver S absorbed rapidly, eliminated by kidney Given together, but not in same pill SE P: Megalo Anemia, Rash (S-J) S: Rash, bone marrow suppresion and hepatotoxicity in AIDS patiens |
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Tranosoma Brucei Gambiense (west african sleeping sickness
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Eflornithine
Absorbed in GI, penetrates CNS Every expensive SE N/V anemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia reversible with stopping drug |
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PCP
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TMP/SMX
Pentamidine |
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TMP/SMX
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Give 1:5 ratio for optimal effect
Prophylaxis and treatment of PCP Many side effects in AIDS patients, teratogenic, S-J syndrome Thrombocyotpenia if taking thiazides, bleeding with warfarin, lowered phenytoin |
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Three drug interactions iwth TMP/SMX
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Thrombocytopenia with thiazides
Bleeding with Warfarin Lowered levels of phenytoin |
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Pentamadine
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Given IV or inhaled
Works on PCP, Sleeping sickness, Leishmanisis SE Hypotension, tachycardia, hypoglycemia (attacks beta cells) and blood discrasias |
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Nematodes
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Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate Ivermectin Dethycarbamazine |
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Albendazole
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Depletes glycogen in parasite
Take with a fatty meal, and give with dexamethasone Single does for worms Aso for neurocysticercosis and giardia |
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How to increases the absorption of albendazole
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Give with fatty meal and dexamethasone
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Pyrantel Pamoate
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NM block of parasites
For enterobiasis, ascariasis, but NOT wipworm Not well absorbed SE GI and headache Antagonize piperazine, another worm drug |
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Ivermectin
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DOC for Strongyloides, Onchocerciasis (river)
SE Itching, lymph nodes, dizziness |
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Diethylcarbamazine
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For lymphatic filarisis an dLoa Loa
Put in table salt in endemic areas Mazzotti reaction: pruritis, fever, hypotension, facial edema and eosinophilia Also Eye side effects |
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Mazzotti reaction
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Pruritis, fever, hypotension, facial edema and eosinophilia when using Diethylcarabmazine for Nematodes
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Flukes and Tape worms
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Praziquantel
Paralyzes worm so body can fight it SE headache, dizziness, malaise |
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Ectoparasites
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Permethrin, Lindane amd Diethyltoluamide
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Permethrin
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Killes head lice, ticks, fleads mites
Used in clothes and bed nets to limit mosquito bites Causes erythema, numbness, tinglin and rash in 1-2% |
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Lindane
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Lotion for Tx of scabies
Convulsions if injested |
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Tx for scabies
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Lindane
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Diethyltoluamide
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DEET
Encephalopathy with high application in small kids |
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Primaquine
Pyrimethamine Pentamidine Praziquantel Permethrin |
Primaquine - Malaria
Pyrimethamine - w/ sulfadiazine for Toxo Pentamidine - PCP Pyrantel Pamoate - Nematodes Praziquantel - Flukes and Cestodes Permethrin - Insect repelant |