Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the general characteristics of protozoa?
|
-single-celled
-can reproduce into 8 trophs per cyst in the body. -anaerobic like |
|
what are the 2 main things we're examing in protozoa morphology?
|
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus |
|
How is the cytoplasm organized in protozoa?
|
-Ectoplasma w/ 5 functions
-Endoplasm w/ 2 functions |
|
What is the ectoplasma for?
|
-movement
-taking in nutrients -Protection -elimination of waste -respiration (anaerobic) |
|
what is the endoplasm for?
|
-processing absorbed nutrients by enzymatic bkdwn in vacuoles
-reproduction |
|
What do we consider when examing Nuclei?
|
-karyosomes
-Nuclear chromatin |
|
what are the stages of protozoa?
how many? |
2:
-Cyst -Trophozoite |
|
what is the funciton of the protozoan cyst?
|
Infection - out in environment
-No nutrient uptake -No vegetation |
|
What is the function of the protozoan trophozoite?
|
-Vegetative state
-Moves to nutrients -Less-protective ectoplasm |
|
What causes Amebiasis?
what are 2 other names for it? |
Entamoeba histolytica
-amebic dysentery -amebic hepatitis |
|
Where is E. histolytica found?
|
Endemic in tropical climates
found in contamin. food/water |
|
How big is the E. histolytica
-troph -cyst |
Troph: 10-60u
Cyst: 5-20 u |
|
What are the characteristics of the E. histolytica troph?
|
-lives in large intestine
-half will ingest RBCs -One nucleus w/ central karyosom -even arrngd periph chromatin |
|
what are the characteristics of the e. histolytica cyst?
|
-INFECTIOUS STAGE
-1-4 nuclei -Large glycogen vacuole -Chromatidyl bars |
|
What are the hosts of E. histolytica?
|
humans
sometimes other mammals |
|
what is the life cycle of e. histolytica?
|
1. cysts ingested w/ feces-contam food/water;
2. excyst in small intestine; 3. trophs colonize LARGE intestine; may invade lg intest lining, ENTERITIS; 4. May invade bld vssls, cause extraintestinal diseases. 5. Pass cysts in feces |
|
what 2 factors determine the severity of an infection by E. histolytica?
|
-Organism virulence - enzymes
-Host factors - intest. tract condition, normal flora, diet, previous problems |
|
what type of diet will make a host more susceptible to inf?
|
high carb
|
|
what are 4 types of infections caused by e. histolytica?
|
-asymptomatic
-acute amebiasis -chronic amebiasis -extra intestinal amebiasis |
|
what would cause asymptomatic?
|
a very small initial inoculum
vague, nonspecific kind've ill feeling |
|
what are symptoms of acute amebiasis?
|
DYSENTARY, abdom pain, fever, dehydration
|
|
what are symptoms of chronic amebiasis?
|
similar to acute, but also Constipation, liver tenderness
|
|
What 2 types of extra-int amebiasis develop, and in whom?
|
1. Hepatic - Amebic hepatitis
2. Systemic - in other organs In immunocompromised, 2-8% of all infected |
|
what 3 bases is diagnosis of E. histolytica made on?
|
1. Morphological
2. Serological 3. Antigen detection |
|
What do you want in re: to specimen for e. histolytica?
|
6 stool specimens in a perfect world.
|
|
How is diagnosis made morphologically?
|
if Loose stools = Trophs
if Formed stools = Cysts if Charcot Leyden crystals = chronic infection |
|
What does serological testing for e. histolytica show?
|
Extraintestinal disease - if there's Ab in the serum.
|
|
what is antigen detection for?
|
antigens in the stool.
|
|
how is amebiasis treated?
|
Metronidazole or Iodoquinol
|
|
How is it prevented?
|
Nutritional diet
Clean food/water Personal hygiene |
|
what organisms are in phylum ciliata?
|
b. coli - balantidium coli
only one! |
|
what diseases does B. coli cause?
|
balantidiasis
balantidial dysentary |
|
what is the host/s of b. coli?
where is it normally found? |
HOGS
HUMANS MONKEYS Found in warm climates |
|
what is the morphology of B. coli?
|
it is the largest of the intestinal protozoa;
60x45u = Troph 50-70u = Cyst |
|
What are the morphologic characteristics of the B. coli trophozoite?
|
-Cilia, hazy under the scope.
-Peristome is nutrient intake. -Cytopate is extretion hole. -Cytoplasm is very vacuolated and dirty -Has a macro/micronucleus |
|
what's special 'bout the nucleus?
|
Macronucleus is large and kidney bean shaped, performs all metabolic functions.
Micronuc controls reproduct., may not be visible. |
|
what symptoms can be seen in balantidiasis?
|
-May be asymptomatic
-May be severe dysentary -May cause intestinal abcesses |
|
How is B. coli diagnosed?
|
by stool samples
|
|
how is balantidiasis treated?
|
-Tetracycline
-Diiodohydroxyquin |
|
what are the 5 commensal amoebae?
|
a. Entamoeba harmanni
b. Entamoeba coli c. Endolimax nana d. Iodamoeba butschlii e. Entamoeba gingivalis |
|
how are the commensal amoebae acquired?
|
by ingestion, same as pathogens
|
|
what is entamoeba hartmanni similar to? how is it differed?
|
Entamoeba histolytica
It's smaller - 4-10u trophs and cysts. |
|
How predominant is
-Entamoeba coli -Endolimax nana |
E. coli = 10-30% in world
E. nana = 10-20% in world |
|
what are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli troph?
|
-1 nucleus, eccentric karyosome
-Uneven peripheral chromatin -Dirty cytoplasm -Blnt psdopod, sluggish motil. |
|
what are the characteristics of E. coli cyst?
|
15-20u, 1-8 nuclei
-only amoeba w/ >4 nuclei -splintered chromatidyl bars |
|
what are the characteristics of Endolimax nana troph?
|
-Small - 8-10u troph
-1 nucleus w/ predom. karyosome -Vacuoles/dirty cytoplasm |
|
what are the characteristics of e. nana cyst?
|
-6-8u, so small
-1-4 nuclei look like RBCs but have big karyosomes |
|
what does the iodamoeba butschlii troph resemble?
how do you differentiate? |
Identical to e. nana troph; to diffnt, must look for cyst.
|
|
How is the Iodamoeba butschlii cyst different from E. nana?
|
I. butschlii has one large glycogen vacuole and v. large karyosome/nucleus.
E. nana has no glycogen and has small 4 nuclei |
|
What's the only amoeba to ingest WBCs?
-where is it a commensal -what stage does exist in? |
Entamoeba gingivalis
-commensal in mouth -only has a troph stage 10-20u |