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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasmodia transmission?
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anopheles mosquito
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plasmodium falciparum life cycle?
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sporozoties (from mosquito) injected in bloodstream -> cryptozoites (exoerthryotic cycle) -> infect liver cells -> release merozoites (erythrocytic cycle=shizont & "signet ring" trophozoites->shizont to gametocytes (microgametocyte and macrogametocyte) -> blood meal by mosqutio -> sex in mosquito -> repeat
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plasmodium vivax life cycle?
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sporozoties (from mosquito) injected in bloodstream -> cryptozoites (exoerthryotic cycle) -> infect liver cells (alternate path: hypnozoites = persitant stage 40-50 yrs) -> release merozoites (erythrocytic cycle=shizont & "signet ring" trophozoites->shizont to gametocytes (microgametocyte and macrogametocyte) -> blood meal by mosqutio -> sex in mosquito -> repeat
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plasmodium vivax diagnosis?
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all life stages in thick and thin blood smears
- low parasitemia index (<3% RBCs) |
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plasmodium falciparum diagnosis?
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only early ring form trophozoties and banana-shaped gametocytes in thick and thin blood smears
- double rings diagnostic - high parasitemia index (50% RBCs) |
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Plasmodia disease?
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cyclical high fever/chills, anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly
P. falciparum - occlusion of capillaries (brain, kidney) |
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malaria vaccine challenges?
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- antigenic variation
- replicates in RBCs (no class I or II MHCs) - Th1/CTL attack infected hepatocytes (cryptozoites/merozoites) only - polyclonal gammoty dilutes Ag-specific Ab |
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Babesia tramsission & reservoir?
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tick & livestock
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diff between Babesia and Plasmodium?
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Babesia - no sexual or exoerythrocytic cycle
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Babesia disease?
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Babesiosis - mild & self-limiting
- anemia only in splenectomized ppl |
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Babesia diagnosis?
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ring forms in RBCs of blood smear (tetrads, no pigment deposition)
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Leishmania life cycle stages?
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promastigotes in sandfly -> amastigotes in macrophages
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Leishmania species?
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L. tropica
L. donovani L. braziliensis |
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Leishmania tropica disease?
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chronic cutaneous lesions at site of infection
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Leishmania braziliensis disease?
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urogential and oral mucocutaneous lesions
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Leishmania donovani disease?
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diffuse infections of RES (liver, spleen, bone marrow)
- kala-azar infection -> post kala-azar dermal reactions = life-threatening! |
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Leishmania diagnosis?
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intracellular amastigotes in macrophages
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Leishmania replication?
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endosomally in macrophages
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Leishmania immunity?
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Th1 immunity protective
- CD4s only (CD8s don't work b/c not in cytoplasm) Tregs allows persistence of parasite Kala-azar associated with Th2 immunity vaccine hasten ulcer healing |
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Trypanosoma cruzi disease name?
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Chagas Disease
- Chagoma (eye) = Romana's sign |
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Trypanosoma cruzi vector?
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kissing bug (reduviid)
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Trypanosoma brucei vector?
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tsetse fly
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T. cruzi disease?
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acute overwhelming parasitemia in immunosuppressed
- chronic cardiac and GI disease in immunocopetent - cardiomegaly w/ aneurysm - megacolon - megaesophagus |
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T. cruzi diagnosis?
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blood trypomastigotes, xenodiagnosis, complement fixation serology, immunoprecipitation
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T. cruzi life cycle?
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kissing bug bites and defecates (contains trypomastigote) -> enter bite or mucous membranes (usually face) -> invade cells -> becomes amastigote -> heart muscle -> extracellular trypomastigotes -> kissing bug
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T. brucei disease name?
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Sleeping sickness
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