Protists Bsc 2011C Exam 2 Crampton Ucf

Front 1

Protists are a _________ group.

Back 1

Paraphyletic.

Protists are not monophyletic!

Front 2

Animal-like protozoa

Back 2

Ingestive heterotrophs - food particles

Front 3

fungus-like oomycetes + others

Back 3

absorptive heterotrophs - organic molecules

Front 4

Mixotrophic? Detailed example?

Back 4

photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

Example: Euglena can switch to heterotrophy in absence of light and be photoautotrophic when there is light.

Front 5

Primary endosymbiosis

Back 5

Cyanobacteria engulfed by heterotroph and became plastid bearing Red and Green Algae.

Front 6

Secondary endosymbiosis

Back 6

Red and green algae englufed by other heterotrophs to form other protists

Front 7

Decendents of Red algae

Back 7

Dionflagellates and apicomplexans

Front 8

Decendents of Green algae

Back 8

Euglenids and Chorarachniophytes

Front 9

Nucleomorph and 4 membranes of plastid present in

Back 9

Chorarachniophytes (which evovlved from secondary endosymbiosis of green algae)

Front 10

-Lack plastids
-Mitochondria do not have: DNA, electron transport chains, or citric acid cycle enzymes
-Both are usually found in anaerobic environments
-Many parasitic forms

Back 10

Diplomonadida and Parabasala

Front 11

Example of Diplomonad that is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis? What is their life-cycle?

Back 11

-Giardia intestinalis
-Lifecycle: trophozoites – feed (not resistant outside host). Cysts (resistant outside host)

Front 12

Kinetoplastids + Euglenids =

Back 12

Euglenozoans

Front 13

Group who's main morphological feature is Flagellated: locomotion and they are autotrophic / mixotrophic / heterotrophic? Example of kinetoplastid? euglenid?

Back 13

-Euglenozoans
-Kinetoplastid: Trypanosoma causes
Sleeping sickness via tsetse flies
-Euglenid: Euglen = mixtrophic

Front 14

Two groups of Chromalveolates?

Back 14

Alveolates and Stramenopiles

Front 15

Has alveoli (small membrane-bound sac) under plasma membrane? Examples?

Back 15

-Alveolata
-Dinoflagellates; Apicoplexans, ciliates

Front 16

Apicomplexans?

Back 16

-Example of Alveoleta.
-Have intricate life cycles with sexual and asexual stages requiring multiple hosts.
-Plasmodium causes Malaria. Study slide 17 of lecture 10 and Figure 28.10 on pg 583.

Front 17

-Causes Malaria.
-2 hosts needed for reproduction
-haploid sporozoites invade liver of host, multiply, and metamorphose to merozoite stage.
-Merozoites: invade RBCs, multiply. Emerge in waves to : 1. infect new RBCs. 2. produce eggs and sperm.

Back 17

Plasmodium (example of apicomplexans)

Front 18

Ciliates?

Back 18

-Example of Alveoleta
-Use cilia to move around
-Macronucleus - controls everyday function/asexual reproduction
-micronuclei - req for sexual reproduc.

Front 19

Usually unicellular; Marine and freshwater phytoplankton community; Can cause harmful algal blooms (eq red tides); Cellulose armor plating; use enzyme LUCIFERASE to be bioluminescent.

Back 19

Dinoflagellates

Front 20

Example of Ciliates?

Back 20

Paramecium and Stentor

Front 21

Oomycetes?

Back 21

-Example of stramenophile
-Fungli-like--> absorb organic molecules via feeding hyphae (example of convergence)
-Water molds, downy mildews, white rusts
-Cellulose in cell walls (vs. polysacharides in fungi).
-Many forms have lost plastids
-Many are decomposers or plant parasites.

Front 22

Diatoms?

Back 22

-Example of stramenophile
-Unicellular photosynthetic algae (occasionally colonial); Shell composed of silica (glass); Radially or bilaterally symmetric; Dominant component of phytoplankton; Major carbon sink.

Front 23

Largest and most complex algae that are? Mostly marine and multicelluar. Have convergence on plant design including blades(leaves), Stripe(stem), and holdfast(roots).

Back 23

Brown Algae

Front 24

Alteration of generations? Present in?

Back 24

Alternation of MULTICELLUAR haploid and diploid stages.
Present in Brown algae. Study figure 28.16 on pg 587.

Front 25

Algae that contain yellow and brown carotenoids, are biflaggelated, and can be photosynthetic or mixotrophic.

Back 25

Golden Algae

Front 26

All Rhizarians possess_____?
Three major groups?

Back 26

-Pseudopodia - projections that protrude through or from cell surface – used for feeding/movement
-Radiolarians, foraminiferans, and cercozoans.

Front 27

Marine plankton; Thread-like pseudopodia; Emerge from foraminae; Shells (“tests”) made of calcium carbonate; multi-chambered

Back 27

-Foraminifera (forams)
-Petroleum = partially decomposed foras
-Used as index fossils

Front 28

Radiolarians

Back 28

-Delicate intricately symmetrical skeletons that are generally made of silica.
-Pseudopodia radiate from central body via cytoplasmic streaming.

Front 29

Green Algae

Back 29

Have chlorophyll: absorbs mostly blue and red. Hence reflects green.
Sister group to land plants.

Front 30

Red algae

Back 30

Red color due to phycoerythrin, which reflects red light and absorbs blue light.
Can photosynthesize at greater depths.
Red algae: edible

Front 31

Charophytes?

Back 31

green algae most related to land plants

Front 32

Chlorophytes?

Back 32

larger size and greater complexity; complex life cycles

Front 33

Contain plant-type chloroplasts? Two types?

Back 33

Green Algae
Charophytes and Chlorophytes

Front 34

Chlorarachniophytes?

Back 34

Cercozoans
Ingest smaller protists & bacteria.
Likely evolved when a heterotrophic eukaryote englufed a green alga--evidenced by tiny vestigal nucleus called a nucleomorph.

Front 35

Edible Choanoflagellates?

Back 35

Red algae