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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are protists monophyletic? |
no, they do not have a common ancestor |
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4 informal groups of protists |
ecological roles habitat motility nutrition |
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2 common protest charachteristics |
abundant in moist habitats most are microscopic |
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Algae ecological role |
photoautotroph (use sun to make energy) |
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Protozoan ecological role |
heterotrophic (consumes other organisms to make energy) |
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Fungus-like ecological role |
threadlike bodies decomposers or parasites |
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plankton habitat |
not attached, floating, microscopic |
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periphyton habitat |
attached to surfaces, macroalgae |
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Flagellates motility |
tails that propel |
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ciliates motility |
"fuzzy hairs" that propel and control direction easily |
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amoeboids motility |
use pseudopod (fake foot) to move |
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gilders motility |
uses protein or carbohydrate slime to slide across |
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phagotrophs |
surround with membrane and engulf |
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osmotrophs |
digest on outside then absorb nutrients |
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autotrophs |
use photosynthesis |
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mixotrophs |
both photosynthesis and eat things |
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how do excavata eat |
phagotrophy in feeding groove |
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2 examples of parasitic excavata |
trichomonas vaginalis giardia lamblia |
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3 types of excavata |
parasites euglenozoa kinetoplastids |
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euglenozoa characteristic |
interlocking protein strips beneath plasma membrane |
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kinetoplasatids characteristic |
large mass of DNA(kinetoplast) in single large mitochondrion |
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what did kingdom plantae evolve from |
green algae |
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land plants and relatives main characteristic |
they have primary plastids |
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what is a primary plastid |
2 membranes originated through primary endosymbiosis |
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what is primary endosymbiosis |
ate prokaryotic cell by phagocytosis but evolved instead |
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what is secondary endosymbiosis |
ate red or green algae(eukaryotic cell) by phagocytosis but evolved instead |
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4 groups of land plants and relatives |
chlorophyta rhodophyta cryptomonads haptophytes |
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2 chlorophyta (green algae) characteristics |
most are photosynthetic fresh or saltwater habitat |
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4 rhodophyta (red algae) characteristics |
multicellular macroalgae lack flagella saltwater habitat very complex life cycle |
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why are rhodophyta red? |
they are deeper in the ocean, so they are closer to the red spectrum |
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2 cryptomonads characteristics |
unicellular flagellates red, blue-green, or brown plastids |
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3 haptophytes characteristics |
unicellular photosynthesizers together can make dover cliffs (coccoliths) |
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what do cryptomonads and haptophytes have in common? |
both have secondary plastids |
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what is alveolata named for |
saclike membranous vesicle in cell periphery |
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3 types of alveolata |
ciliates apicomplexa dinoflagellates |
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characteristic of ciliates |
2 nuclei |
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apicomplexa example |
plasmodium (parasitic protists) |
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5 characteristics of dinoflagellates |
2 different sized flagella mutualistic relationship with coral many have cellulose plates some bioluminescent some photosynthetic |
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example of dinoflagellates |
red tide |
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photosynthetic dinoflagellates originated by... |
secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis |
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stramenophila characteristic |
strawlike hairs on surface of flagella |
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stramenophila plastids originated from... |
secondary endosymbiosis of red algae |
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what do humans use stramenophila for |
thicken things such as food and toothpaste |
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3 rhizaria characteristics |
thin extension of cytoplasm (like a burr) microscopic form rock formations in marine habitats |
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2 amoebozoa characteristics |
have pseudopodia phagotrophic |
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2 examples of amoebozoas |
entamoeba histolytica brain eating amoeba (includes amoebas and slime molds) |
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opisthokonta characteristic |
1 flagella for swimming |
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opisthokonta is most related to... |
fungi and animals |
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4 defense mechanisms |
slimy mucilage trichocysts bioluminescence toxins |
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which protists produce asexually |
all |
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which protists produce sexually |
some that find conditions are too poor to produce asexually |
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cysts are used for... |
waiting for the right conditions to reproduce can spread |
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zygotic life cycle is mainly... |
haploid |
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3 zygotic reproduction characteristics |
unicellular sexually reproducing protists use it produces diploid zygotes with thick walls + and - mating |
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diploid zygotes resemble... |
cysts |
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sporic reproduction characteristics |
many multicellular green and brown seaweed use it alternation of generations |
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haploid gametophyte produces... |
gametes |
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diploid sporophyte produces... |
spores |
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gametic life cycle is used by... |
very few protists including diatoms |
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asexual gametic life cycle characteristic |
reduces daughter cell count |
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sexual gametic life cycle characteristic |
restores maximal size |
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all cells are diploid in gametic life cycle except... |
gametes, they are haploid |
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conjugation |
ciliate sexual reproduction |
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2 types of nuclei in conjugation |
1 macronucleus 1 or more micronuclei |
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source of information for cell function in ciliate reproduciton |
macronuclei |
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conjugation |
2 cells pair and fuse |
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ciliate sexual reproduction stages |
micronuclei do meiosis exchange information fuse complete mitosis |
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parasitic protest life cycle characteristic |
more than one host to complete each stage mainly haploid in the stages |
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parasitic protest life cycle example |
malaria parasite plasmodium - go between humans and mosquitoes |
