Protist And Fungi

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Algae

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Algae are common in saltwater and freshwater environments. The rapid growth of a population of algae is called an algal bloom. In general, algal blooms occur when nutrients increase in the water.

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Algal blooms in salt water are commonly called red tides.

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Red tides are dangerous when the toxins that the algae produce become concentrated in the bodies of organisms that consume the algae.

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Algal blooms can also occur in bodies of fresh water. Eutrophication is a natural process in which nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, build up in a lake or pond over time, causing an increase in the growth of algae. Natural events and human activities can increase the rate of eutrophication.

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When these nutrients reach a body of water, they cause a rapid increase in algae growth. Eutrophication triggers a series of events with serious consequences. First, a thick layer of growing algae prevents sunlight from reaching plants and algae beneath the surface. These organisms die, sink to the bottom, and are broken down by bacteria. The bacteria increase in number and use up the oxygen in the water.

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Plantlike protists are called algae.

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Like animals, animal-like protists are heterotrophs, and most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. Animal-like protists are also called protozoans.

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Protozoans can be divided into four types: sarcodines, ciliates, flagellates, and those that are parasite

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Sarcodines move and feed by using pseudopods. Pseudopods are temporary bulges of the cell. Pseudopods form when cytoplasm flows toward one location and the rest of the organism follows.

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Protozoans that live in fresh water, such as amoebas, have a contractile vacuole, which collects the extra water and expels it from the cell.

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Flagellates move using whiplike agella. Some agellates live inside the bodies of other organisms in a state of symbiosis.

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Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species where at least one of the species benets. ie. the protists that lives in the digestive system of a termite:

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Mutualism = a symbiotic relationship where both benefit such as termite and protist.

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Sometimes, agellates harm their hosts. In Protozoans that are parasites feed on their hosts’ cells and body uids.Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship where one benefits at the expense of another.

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Plantlike protists include diatoms,

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Diatoms are unicellular protists with beautiful glasslike cell walls. Some float near the surface of lakes or oceans. Others attach to objects such as rocks in shallow water.

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Diatomaceous earth makes a good polishing agent and is used in household scouring products. It is even used as an insecticide—the diatoms’ sharp cell walls puncture the bodies of insects.