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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Recommendations for protein intake |
0.8g/kg body weight Women 46g/day Men 56g/day |
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Protein quality |
1. Digestibility (improved by moist heat) 2. Amino acid composition |
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Digestibility of proteins |
Animal protein >90% absorbed Plant protein 70-90% absorbed |
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Amino acid composition of proteins |
Animal protein best Use complementary protein -2+ proteins whose amino acid supply the essential amino acids missing from the other |
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Measuring protein quality |
1. Protein digestibility corrected amino acid scale -e.g. 100 = eggs whites, ground beef -e.g. 25 = wheat proteins |
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Nitrogen balance |
Nitrogen intake should equal nitrogen extretion Negative = astronaut (muscle breakdown) Positive = children (growing) |
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Marasmus |
Lack of muscle due to malnutrition - >2yrs old - slow, chronic - severe weight loss - no edema, no fatty liver |
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Kwashiorkor |
Swollen belly due to lack of proteins - 1-3yrs old - rapid onset - edema, fatty liver |
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Protein excess |
More than 35% Kidney and liver problems E.g. High protein diets (not necessarily bad) |
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High protein diets |
Proteins used for energy and making glucose Intial weight loss from loss of water Long term loss of fat and muscle (if not VERY careful) |
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Vegetarians vs vegand |
Vegetarians = plant based food, some or all animal food eliminates Vegan = ONLY animal sources (NO milk/eggs) |
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Lactiovo |
No meat or seafood (but eggs and milk) |
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Fruitarian and macrobiotic |
NOT based on science, eliminate too many foods |
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Pros of vegetaries |
Decrease risk of many diseases due to being more aware and conscious of food Lower fat diet, leaner body composition |
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Pros for omnivorous diet |
Higher quality proteins Easier to meet additional requirements for pregnancy, illness, ect Many vitamins/minerals MOSTLY animal based |
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Vitamins |
Essential, non caloric organic nutrients Needed in very small amounts Cofactors (helpers) in cell function |
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Vitamin A functions |
Regulate gene expression Vision Immune and reproduction |
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Beta carotene |
Vitamin A precursor Found in carrots and liver |
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Vitamin A deficiency |
Common in developing countries Night blindness, xerosis Keratin lumps in skin |
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Toxicity vitamin A |
Stunted growth Edema Liver damage |
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Retinoic acid |
Another form of vitamin A |
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Vitamin D |
Name: Calciferol Function - regulate blood calcium and phosphorus - immune system From - milk, eggs, sunlight |
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Vitamin D deficiency |
Increase with age, recommended supplements for older adults Causes rickets in children And osteomalacia in adults |
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Vitamin D toxicity |
Depression, appetite loss, nausea, Long term -calcium deposits in heart, blood vessels and lungs |
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Vitamin E |
Chemical name: Tocopherol Functions -antioxidant in cell membrane From: eggs, peanut butter but mostly wide spread |
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Vitamin E deficiency |
Very rare (stores well) Causes RBC hemolysis in infants Oxidative damage |
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Vitamin E toxicity |
RARE increas bleeding GI distress |
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Vitamin K |
Name: phylloquinone, Naphtoquinione Function: blood clotting, bone protein synthesis |
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Vitamin K Deficiency |
RARE Only in New borns Brushing and hemorrhaging |
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Vitamin k toxic |
Jaundice Too much RBC breakdown |
