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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what organice molecules are in proteins |
C H O N |
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essential vs non essential |
essential we need to intake (9) non essential out body produces (11) |
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what can we do with recycled AA |
build new proteins and provide energy of glucose is lacking in diet |
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what happens during starvation |
body will pull proteins from muscle and blood to resort to organs |
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what is the bond in proteins? |
peptide bond |
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how many different proteins in one cell? give 4 examples |
10,000 collagen- glue between cells insulin- hormone that regulates blood glucose enzymes- act on other substances to change them hemoglobin- transport oxygen in RBC |
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What is hemoglobin? |
found in red blood cells made of four associated protein strands each hold mineral iron
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what is the genetic form sequence |
DNA --> RNA --> PROTEIN every cell nucleus contains the DNA for making every human protein but cells do not make them all |
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what does denatured mean and what can cause it? |
proteins distort in shape heat radiation acids bases alcohol salts of heavy metals
digestion- stomach acid denatures proteins
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where does protein digestion begin? |
Stomach by acid mucus coating secreted by stomach wall protects its own proteins from attack by either enzymes or acid ph- 1.5 |
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Small intestine |
by the time proteins enter, they are denatured and in smaller pieces pH rises by the action of bicarbonate and enzymes continue digesting the strands into single AA or di and tripeptides |
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intestinal wall |
enzymes on surface of the cells of small intestine complete digestion and absorb AA and some larger peptides then travel to bloodstream and to liver liver releases them into the blood stream |
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functions of proteins |
body makes enzymes hormones and chemical messengers of the NS from AA
antibodies are proteins that defend against foreign proteins and other foreign substances
proteins transport substances around the body such as lipids micerals and oxygen
help regulated the bodys electrolytes and fluids
buffer the blood and regulate pH
clot blood preventing death
growth and maintenace of the bodys tissues skin CT organs and bone |
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energy convertion |
when not enough carbohydrates or fat, food protein and body protein are sacraficed to supply energy AA converted to glucose nitrogen part removed from AA and result oxidized for energy NO AMINO ACID STORAGE
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fate of AA |
when AA arrives in cell can be: used to build protein altered to make another needed compound like vitamin niacin dismantaled to use its amine group to build a nonessential AA remaining C H and O atoms can be converted to glucose or fat |
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what happens to a cell starved for energy with no glucose or fatty acids |
cell strips the AA of its amine group (N) and uses remainder for energy the N is excreted from the cell into urine
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when are AA "wasted"? |
energy is lacking from our sources (no enough CHO) to much protein AA is oversupplied in supplement form quality of the diets protein is too low
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what are the only 2 food that don't contain protein? |
fruit and oil
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high and low quality
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high quality- provide all essential AA needed low quality- do not provide all essential AA |
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DRI of protein? recommended intake |
.8 gram per kilogram of body weight 10% of total calories
us recomend 10-35%
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how to calculate protein need
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weight divided by 2.2 then multiply by .8 mine was 44 |
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what is PEM |
protein energy malmutrition 2 forms marasmus- extreme food energy deficiency. lose muscle and fat kwashiorkor- edema and enlargment of liver. swollen belly
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over eating protein |
no benefit animal protein tend to be rich in saturated fats |
