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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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proteins act as structural units to build the body and repair tissues
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the body makes proteins from amino acids and constructs these proteins into hair, muscles, nails, tendons, ligaments, et al.
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proteins are responsible for the creation and maintanence of enzymes, hormones, components of cells (such as genes) etc.
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the body contains 30,000 to 50,000 unique proteins
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proteins maintain functions in the body to preserve life
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protein enzymes break down food into nutrients that can be used by the body
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proteins help to build and support the immune system
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peptide hormones carry messages to parts of the body to continue activity and guide growth in childhood and maintain the body in adulthood
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amino acids are composed of the elements:
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (some also contain sulfur)
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____ amino acids are used to build body proteins
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20
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there are ___ essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be found in food
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9
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there are __ nonessential amino acids that the body can create
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11
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the essential amino acids are
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arginine
isoleucine leucine methionine lysine phenylalanine tryptophan threonine valine histidine |
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the nonessential amino acids are:
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alanine
arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine glutamic acid glutamine glycine proline serine tyrosine histadine |
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alanine _____ acid
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pyruvic acid
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arginine _____ acid
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glutamic acid
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asparagine _____ acid
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aspartic acid
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aspartic acid _____ acid
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oxaloacetic acid
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cysteine glutamic acid _____ acid
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oxoglutaric acid
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glutamine _____ acid
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glutamic acid
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glycine _____
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serine and threonine
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proline _____ acid
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glutamic
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serine ______
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glucose
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tyrosine ______
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phenylalanine
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a peptide bond is:
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the joining of the end amino group of one amino acid with the end carboxyl group of the amino acid beside it
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myosin
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protein found in muscle fiber, built from chains of 153 amino acids that coil and unfold as muscle contracts and relaxes
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collagen
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three separate polypeptide chains that wind around each other in to triple helix
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hemoglobin
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a globular type of protein that includes four globin polypeptide chains per molecule of hemoglobin
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albumin
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major plasma protein that has compact globular shape consisting of a single polypeptide chain of 584 amino acids
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dietary protein:
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supplies substances to promote growth and maintenance of body tissues, creates amino acids in the appropriate patterns and amounts for efficient syntesis of specific structural molecules
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nitrogen:
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vital element in protein, necessary in body's structure
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protein is about ____% nitrogen
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16%
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all amino acids participate in:
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tissue growth and maintenance
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derived from glutamic acid
protects mucosal surface of intestine from harmful bacteria enhances production of white blood cells works with kidney to respond to acidosis |
glutamine
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has a role in immune response
assists in wound healing |
arginine
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leucine, isoleucine and valine are all
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branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)
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BCAAs are needed for
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maintenance of muscle tissue
appear to preserve muscle glycogen stores help prevent muscle protein breakdown during exercise |
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protein synthesis is known as:
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anabolism
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protein breakdown is known as:
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catabolism
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nearly half of the body's protein is found in____ the other half in ____
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skeletal muscle
organs |
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labile protein reserves:
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are easily broken down to meet immediate needs
make up only 1% of total body protein intended to provide amino acids for emergency situation |
