Proteins

Front 1

Nonpolar aliphatic amino acids

Back 1

Gylcine, Alanine, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, GAP VIL

chain groups used in membranes

Front 2

polar uncharged amino acids

Back 2

asparagine, glutamine (both carries of ammonia)

serine and threonin (form hydrogen bonds/can be phosphorylated)

NQST

Front 3

Aromatic Amino Acids

Back 3

Phenylalanine (hydrophobic) Tyrosine (precursor to DOP catecholamines, TH and melanin pigment), Tyrptophan
(precursor to serotonin)
FYW

Front 4

Negative/Acidic Amino Acids

Back 4

aspartate/glutamate-neg charged at physio pH

asp pKa=3.9
glutamate pKa=4.1

Front 5

Positive/Basic Amino Acids

Back 5

Arginine, Lysine, Histidine-pos charged at physio pH

lysine pKa=10.5
argining pKa=12.5

Front 6

Sulfur containing Amino Acids

Back 6

Methionine, Cysteine (disulfid linking in Insulin)

Front 7

the essential amino acids are

Back 7

MATT VIL PHLy

Methione-Arginine-Threonine-Tryptophan

Valine-Isoleucine-Leucine

Phenylalanine-Histidine-Lysine

Front 8

creatine Kinase exists in ______ and is a marker for ______

Back 8

three isoforms (diff forms of the same protein which leads to huge diversity of proteome)

and is a marker for MI/muscle damage

Front 9

peptide vs. polypeptide

Back 9

peptide= < 50 AA
polypeptide= > 50 AA

Front 10

nitrogen balance. normal= ?

negative nitrogen balance?

Back 10

normal=intake of nitrogen equals the output of nitrogen (via urine, feces, loss of cless etc.)

negative nitrogen balance=person eats less/no protein=more nitrogen excreted than being ingested

also applies to other essential amino acids. common in physical trauma and surgery

Front 11

little kids require many more ______ than adults, especially_____

Back 11

essential amino acids, especially leucine

Front 12

marasmus=

Back 12

deficeincy in both energy and protein

Front 13

kwashiorkor=

Back 13

lack of protein=edema bc of osmotic imbalance

Front 14

pKa is the pH at which....

Back 14

half of the molecules of an AA in solution have side changes which are charged and the other half is not charged.

Front 15

zwitterion

Back 15

AA with negative and pos charges

Front 16

point where AA is uncharged.

is the pH where proteins are doing what in an electric field?

Back 16

isoelectric point. protein has net charge of 0.

not moving

Front 17

hydropathy index?

what are the 3 most hydrophobic AAs?

Back 17

positive value=hydrophobic
negative value=hydrophilic

leucine<Valine:Isoleucine

Front 18

PKU is genetic disorder with a non-functional_______ which results in a buildup of ______ which causes

Back 18

phenylalanine hydroxylase which causes a buildup of phenylalanine which causes mental retardation. all babies screened.

Front 19

sickle cell anemia caused by....

Back 19

glutamate---> valine which changes formation of hemoblobin fiber---->changing shape of RBC--->RBC shaped like sickle

Front 20

cholera is a pathogenic bacteria that expresses ______ which modify cellular protein. By this mechanism, pertusis toxin inactivates _____ which causes _______.

Back 20

ADP-ribosyl transferases which modify celluar protein. By this mechanism, the pertussis toxin inactivates G-protein coupled receptors leading to abd cramps, vomiting, rapid dehydration