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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, azithromycin
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- the tetracyclines
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30s
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- subunit to which tetracyclines bind
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tetracyclines
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- bacteriostatic
- penicillinase-producing staph are resistant - must take on empty stomach - cross the placenta |
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gram (+) bacilli
gram (-) rods anaerobes spirochetes mycoplasma chlamydia other (Rickettsia rickettsii) |
- antibacterial spectrum of tetracyclines
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minocycline
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- tetracycline that penetrates CNS better than the others
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epigastric distress
deposition in bones/teeth fetal hepatotoxicity pseudotumor cerebri |
- SEs of tetracyclines
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< 8yo (some say 12)
pregnancy/breastfeeding |
- CI of tetracyclines
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tobromycin, gentamycin
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- aminoglycosides
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aminoglycosides
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- good against gram (-)
- almost always used in combo w/B-lactam (synergistic) - bind to 30s subunit; interfere w/initiation of protein synthesis - bacteriocidal |
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ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
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- SEs of aminoglycosides
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gentamycin
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- an aminoglycoside
- active against gram +/-; tx severe gram (-) infections - active alone; synergism w/B-lactams - no activity against anaerobes |
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gentamycin
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- an aminoglycoside
- when used topically, can cause corneal stippling/erosion |
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tobramycin
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- an aminoglycoside
- spectrum similar to gentomycin, but covers g+ better |
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tobradex, tobrex, ioteprednol etabonate 0.5%, tobramycin 0.3%
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- topical tobramycins
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tobramycin + dexmethazone
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- tobradex
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azithromycin, erythromycin
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- macrolides
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irreversibly bind the 50s subunit
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- subunit to which macrolides bind
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macrolides
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- irreversibly bind the 50s subunit
- bacterioSTATIC; may be cidal @ high doses - NO CSF penetration |
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gram (+) cocci/rods
gram (-) cocci/rods syphilis mycoplasma chlamydia |
- antibacterial spectrum of macrolides
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macrolides
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- destroyed by gastric acid; need enteric coating
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epigastric distress
ototoxicity hepatic failure (toxic accumulation of other drugs) |
- SEs of macrolides
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chloramphenicol
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- binds 50s subunit
- bacterioSTATIC; cidal @ high doses - penetrates CNS |
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gram +/-
rickettsiae |
- antibacterial spectrum of chloramphenicol
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conferred by R factor encoding acetyl CoA transferase
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- resistance to chloramphenicol
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candida overgrowth
hemolytic anemia (in G6PDH deficiency) aplastic anemia gray baby syndrome |
- SEs of chloramphenicol
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chloramphenicol
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- used only for life-threatening infection w/no other options
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clindamycin
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- a macrolide
- same mode of action as erythromycin - binds 50s subunit - no CNS penetration |
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clindamycin
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- macrolide used to tx anaerobic infections, ocular toxoplasmosis
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clindamycin
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- wipes out all flora but clostridium difficile --> pseudomembranous colitis
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