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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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key ingredients of protein synthesis
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1. DNA
2. RNA 3. Ribosomes 4. Amino acids |
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How RNA differs from DNA
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-single stranded
-sugar is ribose -uracil substities for thymine |
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3 types of RNA
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1. Ribosomal-forms parts of ribosomes
2. Messenger-transfers genetic code from DNA to ribosomes 3. Transfer- brings amino acids back to ribosomes |
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Transcription
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Transfers information in DNA molecule to RNA molecule which then carries code outside nucleus
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Translation
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Uses code on transcripted RNA to build amino acids and proteins
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mRNA synthesis
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-DNA unzips
-nucleotides pair with exposed bases through action of RNA polymerase -does not require primer -when completed RNA transcript breaks free and DNA zips back up -RNA requires additional transcribing before it can leave nucleus |
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cap and tail
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-help RNA leave nucleus
-protects mRNA sequence -helps connect to ribosomes |
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RNA splicing
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Introns removed from leaving exons
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Genetic code of protein
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-Every 3 bases (codon) code for 1 amino acid
-20 different amino acids |
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Translation
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linking of amino acids to polypeptide chains
-done my transfer RNA in the order designated by mRNA |
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anticodons
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triplets of nucleotides that form 64 types of tRNA
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3 stages of translation
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-initiation
-elongation -termination |
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stop codon
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terminates polypeptide when encountered
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polysomes
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proteins synthesized simultaneously by the same RNA
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