Protein-Protein Interactions, Gtp-Binding Proteins, And Protein Degregation

Front 1

In protein-protein interaction what is bound on cell surface?

Back 1

receptor bonded hormone (like adreniline for fight or flight response)

Front 2

In what interaction is PKA? What does PKA stand for?

Back 2

Protein-Protein, protein kinase A

Front 3

1. Receptor binds hormone which 2. activates GTP binding protein 3.which activates adenyl cyclase 4.which mediates the reaction is the process of what?

Back 3

Protein-protein interactions.

Front 4

What is C?
What is R?
Where are these processes relevant?

Back 4

C is the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A
R is the regulatory subunit that releases C when bound to cAMP
These processes happen in protein-protein interactions.

Front 5

Glycogen phosphorase can be activated in minutes to make what for what?

Back 5

ATP for muscles

Front 6

C does what to many different proteins such as transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, etc.?

Back 6

phosphorylate

Front 7

cAMP-->AMP by what?

Back 7

enzyme phosphodiesterase (inhibited by caffiene-like compounds)

Front 8

What happens when there is a decrease in [cAMP]?

Back 8

C re-associates with R and becomes inactive

Front 9

Protein phosphates dephosphorylate what?

Back 9

PKA substrates of another area of regulation

Front 10

CREB is a transcription factor that does what?

Back 10

when phospholated by PKA it binds to specific sequences in promoters of responsive genes to regulate transcription.

Front 11

PKA phosphorylates Phosphorylase kinase and glycogen synthase to do what?

Back 11

PKA makes Phosphorylase kinase active an glycogen synthase inactive

Front 12

PKA phosphorylates Phosphorylase kinase and glycogen synthase to do what?

Back 12

PKA makes Phosphorylase kinase active an glycogen synthase inactive

Front 13

What activates glycogen phosphorylase ?

Back 13

phosphoroylase kinase

Front 14

Glycogen phosphorylase mediates the first step in glycolysis and ATP production which is

Back 14

glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate

Front 15

The activation of PKA promotes what? and inhibits what?

Back 15

promotes glycolysis and inhibits glycogen synthesis

Front 16

G proteins are slang for what?

Back 16

GTP-binding proteins.

Front 17

Guanine nucleotide binding are consider what?

Back 17

binary switches for GTP-bound ON and GDP-bound OFF.

Front 18

stimulation of exchange of GDP for GTP (from off to on) is activated by which protein?

Back 18

GNRPs protein

Guanine Nucleotide Release Proteins(lacking guanine nucleotide next)

Front 19

What protein is turned on to bind guanine nucleotide sites to turn the G-site on?

Back 19

effector protein

Front 20

GAPs stands for what? GAPs do what?

Back 20

GTPase Activating Proteins, they convert bound GTP to GDP and PI and turn themselves off after interacting with the effector.

Front 21

What are the three subunit classes in trimetric G-proteins?

Back 21

alpha, beta, gamma

Front 22

Which of the three membrane anchors do most of the work?

Back 22

Alpha anchors

Front 23

A common example of loe molecular weight GTP binding proteins associated with tumors is

Back 23

ras is found in 30-50% of tumors in humans, other family members are rho, rab, ran

Front 24

Why do proteins degrade? Which protein does not turn over?

Back 24

Proteins degrade because they are starved for amino acids, histones don't turn over

Front 25

How long do histones last? How about regulatory proteins? Which proteins are most targeted or destruction?

Back 25

Histones (certain lens proteins) can last for years, regulatory proteins last for minutes to hours, damaged/misfolded/aged proteins are the most targeted for destruction

Front 26

What are three ways proteins are recognized to be destroyed?

Back 26

1. exposed hydrophobic domains
2. N-termini correlate with degregation
3. destruct box aa concentration

Front 27

Destruct box PEST hypothesis is what?

Back 27

sequence rich in Pro, Glu, Ser, Thr

Front 28

Pro, Glu, Ser, Thr maybe the site of phosphorylation involved in what?

Back 28

Degregation, clone and mutate,
or mutate and delete to find rate

Front 29

ubiquitin does what?

Back 29

conjugates enzymes in the protein destruction process

Front 30

What does ubiquitin ligase do?

Back 30

Adds more ubiquitin and makes a polyubiquitin chain and convalently attaches a side chain of lymine to make a branch chain polypeptide

Front 31

What continues to be polynuclated on a polynucleated substate

Back 31

ubiquitin

Front 32

What is the destruction machinery what takes place there?

Back 32

the Proteosome is where proteolous takes place

Front 33

What are five basics of the Proteosome?

Back 33

1. large (26S) complex in cyto,
2. recognizes polyubiquitin- conjugated proteins,
3. feeds proteins through with ATP-dependant unfoldase (sent to core of proteosome)
4. ubiquitin is released to be reused (cleaved off )
5. protein degregation down to aa and small pepties

Front 34

Immunity regulation includes what two things

Back 34

degradation and protein-protein interaction

Front 35

In B-lymphocytes NF-kB is what?

Back 35

an inactive transcription factor that binds IkB in the cytoplasm

Front 36

Activation of a protein kinase that phosphorylates IkB happens in what kind of cell?

Back 36

B-cells (antigen-presenting cells)

Front 37

Phosphorylated IkB is targeted by what?

Back 37

ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes

Front 38

What produces signaling proteins which are released into the blood to activate T-cells?

Back 38

NF-kB translocates to the nucleous to activate these genes to produce the proteins.

Front 39

What produces signaling proteins which are released into the blood to activate T-cells?

Back 39

NF-kB translocates to the nucleous to activate these genes to produce the proteins.

Front 40

What produces signaling proteins which are released into the blood to activate T-cells?

Back 40

NF-kB translocates to the nucleous to activate these genes to produce the proteins.

Front 41

By binding a calcium-binding protein called calmodulin a phosphatase is activated when what happens?

Back 41

T-cells become activated

Front 42

By binding a calcium-binding protein called calmodulin a phosphatase is activated when what happens?

Back 42

T-cells become activated

Front 43

By binding a calcium-binding protein called calmodulin a phosphatase is activated when what happens?

Back 43

T-cells become activated

Front 44

What produces signaling proteins which are released into the blood to activate T-cells?

Back 44

NF-kB translocates to the nucleous to activate these genes to produce the proteins.